Two types of scent marking behaviour are described in male Chinese water deer Hydropotes inerrnis Swinhoe, 1870 in their natural habitat in Jiangxi, China. Of all marking events, forehead-rubbing accounted for 13.6%, and urination with defaecation and/or pawing with the forefeet accounted for 86.4%. Urine was the most frequently used marking material. During the mating season, bucks seemed to reduce the size of each pellet group to increase marking frequency. A higher proportion of pellet groups was deposited together in the mating season than the non-mating season. Marking occurred more frequently near the borders than on the inner areas of territories.
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