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Dead individuals of Chinese mussel Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea) were found in 2009 in the complex of fishponds in Spytkowice (S. Poland) in the Vistula River valley. Earlier records of this invasive alien species in Poland come mostly from heated waters. Its occurrence in fishponds indicates that it tolerates also colder waters; many aquatic ecosystems in Poland may be threatened with its invasion. Endangered swan mussel Anodonta cygnea (Linnaues) was found in the same fishponds. The species had not been reported from his area before and it is uncertain whether persistence of its population here is threatened by the invasion of Chinese mussel.
The bio-morphological (shells, weight) and genetic (izoenzymes) variations were studied in a new mussel species to Poland, Anodonta woodiana, which occurs in the heated Konin lakes system. The mussels were collected from three environments - the lenitic lake zones, the water flow-through channel and the lotic areas of a man-made reservoir. Significant bio-morphological differences between the shells of various populations were determined by environmental conditions. The high degree of genetic similarity of the mussels dictated their inclusion within the same species.
The individual growth rate of the Chinese mussel population of the genus Anodonta which inhabits the warm channels of the heated Konin lakes system was analysed. Four size and age groups were distinguished. The allometric growth of shells during early developmental stages and the isometric growth of 6 - 21 cm shells were ascertained. Three to five years old individuals were typical of the Anodonta woodiana found in the Konin channels. The theoretical maximal life span of the mussels is 10 years, while the maximal shell length is 21 cm.
The Chinese mussel Anodonta woodiana was accidentally introduced into the heated Konin lakes system in the mid 1980's. It inhabits the littoral of the five lakes of the complex, a preliminary cooling reservoir, and most of the discharge and inflow channels. It prefers habitats of an increased flow velocity and of rather high temperature. It has been found to be the dominant benthic species in most of the habitats. At times, its biomass exceeded 10 kg m⁻² , and it numbered more than 40 individuals per m².
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