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Purified cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) mitochondrial proteins fractionated into soluble, membrane, integral membrane and peripheral membrane samples were analyzed by 2D- PAGE (isoelectric focusing/ SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). 2D gels patterns were compared using the Imager Master 2D Elite software. 561 silver stained protein spots were resolved after electrophoresis under standard conditions of a whole protein extract. In the soluble fraction a prevalent number of more intense protein spots was observed. The cauliflower protein 2D patterns resembled Arabidopsis thaliana 2D patterns. The two protein spots selected which occupied a similar isoelectric point positions on both gels represented the same proteins as revealed by ESI-MS analysis of cauliflower proteins. The third selected spot belongs to unidentified proteins. The comparative analysis of mitochondrial suborganellar fractions proved the usefulness of this approach.
The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of spectral composition of irradiation (white - WL or white supplemented by blue radiation - WBL) and ozone on chlorophyll content and the optical properties of broccoli leaves (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis cymosa). Broccoli leaves were injured by the ozone dose applied (70 ppb, 6 hours daily) mainly under WBL. Leaf lamina damage was much larger in the outer, physiologically older part than in the inner, physiologically younger part. Therefore, further studies were carried out separately on leaf fragments from the outer(OP) and the inner parts (IP). The spectrophotometric analysis did not reveal significant differences in the chlorophyll content between treatments. The variations in reflectance in the visible region (400-700 nm) were generally not significant with respect to tissue age (OP, IP), ozone fumigation and growth conditions (WBL, WL). Only in plants grown under WBL there was an increase in green reflectance in ozone-treated leaves observed, which indicates a decrease in the chlorophyll content in leaves. Thus, measurements of the optical properties of leaves provide more precise information about changes in the content of chlorophyll than spectrophotometry. Leaves under WBL showed significant differences in reflection within the range 800-1100 nm, which depended on the physiological age of the tissue. For physiologically older tissues, values of reflection were lower than those for physiologically younger tissues. However, under WL conditions, a decrease in reflection within the 800-1100 nm rangę depended only on ozone fumigation. Response of broccoli leaves to spectral composition of irradiation and ozone stress was much higher for irradiation transmission than for reflection. Compared to the control, ozone fumigation of broccoli leaves grown in WBL increased irradiation transmission in OP and IP leaf fragments, both in the 500-700 nm and 750-1100 nm ranges. For plants growing in WL no influence of ozone fumigation on the transmission of irradiation within the visible range was observed. However, fumigation with ozone resulted in a significant decrease in the transmission within the infrared range (750 to 1100 nm). The results indicate the major role of irradiation spectral composition in plant response to ozone stress. The modifications may affect Chl content, leaf temperature and, what is more important, phytochrome-controlled morphogenetic processes.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of different plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains on growth and quality of cauliflower transplants under greenhouse conditions. The strains of Bacillus megaterium TV-3D, B. megaterium TV-91C, Pantoea agglomerans RK-92, B. subtilis TV-17C, B. megaterium TV-87A, B. megaterium KBA-10 were used in this study. The results of this study showed that different bacterial inoculations increased plant growth parameters such as fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, root diameter, root length, fresh root weight, dry root weight, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and chlorophyll contents of cauliflower transplant respectively. Except for abscisic acid (ABA), the values of gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA), indole acetic acid (IAA) was increased by ratio of 23.64, 89.54 and 25.63%, respectively in compared to the control by application of B. megaterium KBA-10 and P. agglomerans RK-92. The amount of organic acids with B. subtilis TV-17C PGPR applications have increased at a ranging ratio from 9.63 to 186.02%. Also, PGPR inoculations increased the macro and micro nutrient content of cauliflower transplants. As a result, the use of bacteria treatments may provide a means of improving transplant growth and quality in cauliflower.
Cauliflower is grown in all the agro climatic zones of India, accounting for an area of 3.9 lakh hectares with production of 73.4 lakh tones. Hence, studies are to be undertaken to identify genotype and analyze the physical characteristics among the cultivated genotypes (Namdhari Seeds 60 N, Namdhari Seeds 133, Pusa Meghna and Basant) grown under hills and plains of Kerala, India. In this study, significant differences were observed in yield of cauliflower which ranged from 21 – 26.4 kg /16 m2 in hills and 0.78 – 1.43 kg /16 m2 in plains. Among the cauliflower genotypes, NS 133 was found to be the best for hilly region in early yield and yield attributes. The cauliflower genotype NS 133 exhibited better performance in hills in terms of high curd yield (26.4 Kg /16 m2), curd weight (800 g) and curd height (13.93 cm). In general, harvest maturity was delayed by 39 – 45 days in the plains as compared to higher altitudes. The cauliflower genotypes which exhibited superior performance in hills and plains were selected for further sensory evaluation studies. In this study cauliflower genotype NS 60N recorded superior organoleptic qualities when grown in plains than hilly region. However in the case of genotype NS 133, the differences in sensory qualities between produce from hills and plains were not significant.
We investigated direct and indirect formation of somatic embryogenesis in Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), a very important vegetable crop worldwide. Direct somatic embryogenesis, which is rather rare, was achieved in culture of 2-week-old hypocotyl explants of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 mg/l kinetin. Initial induction of embryogenic callus was achieved on MS supplemented with very low concentrations of 2,4-D (0.05 mg/l and 0.1 mg/l). Indirect somatic embryogenesis from leaf sections was obtained on MS supplemented with 0.05 or 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D. We examined various stages of somatic embryos (globular, heart, torpedo, cotyledonary). More embryos per explant were produced through the indirect pathway (23–25) than through the direct pathway (14–19). The number of embryos produced was high. There is a potential for recurrent, repeated or secondary somatic embryogenesis, possibly an unlimited source for mass propagation and ideal for synthetic seed production in this species. Plant regeneration was achieved on half-strength MS medium without any hormones.
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