The studies were carried out from 1995 to 1997 in southern Poland in the Beskid Śląski Mts (BŚ) being under effect of industrial emissions and the Beskid Żywiecki Mts. (BŻ) — partly tree of such effect. In both these regions a total of 2,780 cones (including 1,465 in BŚ) were collected from 153 standing spruces Picea abies (L.) Karst. (incl. 76 in BŚ). Cones collected were used for analysis and for rearing. During the studies 4,961 specimens of cone and seed damaging insects (incl. 2,134 from BŚ) were obtained. In both regions they were represented by conophages: Cydia strobilella L., Díoryctria abietella (Den. et Schiff.), Eupithecia pini Retz., Kaltenbachiola strobi (Winn.), Strobilomyia anthracina (Czerny), and seminiphages Plemeliella abietina Seitn. and Megastigmus strobilobius Ratz. The most abundant species in both regions was P. abietina (1,726 spec. in BŚ; 1,755 spec. n BŻ). Conophages destroyed 16.89% of all 184,461 analysed seeds (incl. 90,478 in BŚ). Maximum seed losses caused by P. abietina varied from 14.8% (BŚ) to 35.4% (BŻ). Information on parasitoids of C. strobilella, K. strobi and P. abietina are given.