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In this study, two pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed according to the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) of Babesia bigemina and B. bovis isolates from China. The primers were used in a multiplex PCR to detect parasite DNA in blood samples from cattle. There was no cross reactions with B. ovata, B. major, B. sp. Kashi, Theileria annulata, T. sergenti, T. sinensis or normal bovine DNA. The sensitivity of multiplex PCR assay was 1 pg and 10 pg DNA for B. bigemina and B. bovis, respectively. A total of 260 field blood samples collected from cattle in five provinces of China were analyzed by multiplex PCR and light microscopy. PCR testing revealed that 7.3% (19/260) and 5.8% (15/260) of cattle were positive for B. bigemina and B. bovis and 1.2% (3/260) of cattle were co-infected with B. bigemina and B. bovis. Using light microscopy, 2.3% (6/260) and 1.5% (4/260) of cattle were infected by B. bigemina and B. bovis, respectively, and no co-infection was found. The results showed that the multiplex PCR developed in the present study could be an alternative diagnostic tool for the detection of B. bovis and B. bigemina infection in cattle.
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Babeszjoza u bydla

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This study was carried out on cattle to detect the seroprevalence of theileriosis and babesiosis around the Antakya province. A total of 214 randomly selected cattle were examined from selected locations for Theileria annulata, Babesia bigemina, B. bovis and B. divergens. Blood samples were collected from the cattle by jugular vene puncture to obtain sera for IFAT. Thin blood smears were prepared from the punctured ear veins of each animal. The blood smears were stained with 5% Giemsa's stain and examined microscopically at 100 × magnification. None of the Babesia species was detected but T. annulata observed in 5 (2.33%) blood smears. The sera were tested for the presence of antibodies to the T. annulata, Babesia bigemina, B. bovis and B. divergens by IFAT. Antibodies were detected against T. annulata in 24 and B. bigemina in 2 sera of the tested 214 cattle. Antibodies for B. bovis and B. divergens were not detected in any sera. It has been concluded that detailed molecular biological, serological and epidemiological studies needed to clarify the genetic and antigenic diversity of the blood parasites in Turkey.
An affinity purified Babesia bigemina piroplasm antigen was successfully employed in a Dot-ELISA for detection of antibodies in buffaloes and catle. A low degree of cross-reactivity was seen against putative B. bigemina (Mexican) and B. bovis undiluted reference serum and no cross-reactivity was observed in seru dilutions of 1:10 and above. Theileria annulata did not show any reactivity with B. bigemina. The assay detected antibodies at 7, 14 or 21 days post-experimental infection in bovine calves with 37.5, 87.5 and 100% seroreactivity, respectively. The incidence of B. bigemina infections was found highest in cattle (19.91) as against 7.4% in buffaloes out of 486 sera samples, examined from Boophilus microplus infested areas from Orissa, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh States.
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