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Food supply is an important determinant of animal movements. In the present study we tested the occurrence of an inverse relationship between daily movements ofMarmosops paulensis (Tate, 1931) and their food supply. This species is a member of the family Didelphidae, occurring in areas of high elevation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.M. paulensis moved mostly over the ground, although the understory was also used. Mean daily range ofM. paulensis estimated through spool-and-line device was about 0.40 ha; no differences were noted between body sizes and sexes. As expected, there was an inverse relationship between daily movements and food supply. This relationship resulted from the clumped distribution of fruits, particularlyPiper rather than the sparser distribution of arthropods.
Eleven parasite taxa were found infecting 68 Atlantic chub mackerel, Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 from the Canary Islands, Central North Atlantic. The most abundant parasites were the gill monogenean Pseudokuhnia minor (P = 54.4%), larval anisakid nematodes (P = 11.8%) in the body cavity, a larval tetraphyllidean infecting bile ducts (P = 8.8%) and didymozoid digeneans infecting the gills (P = 7.4%). No correlation between fish length and abundance of infection with these parasites was found. Within the Atlantic, the comparison of present results with previous reports on the occurrence of parasites in this fish host, might suggest that there is more than one population unit of Atlantic chub mackerel in the Eastern Atlantic.
We studied the parasitization by Anisakis spp. in European hake (Merluccius merluccius) of 40–52 cm from the Atlantic off north-west Africa and the Mediterranean off southern Spain. Infection parameters differed: The fish from the Atlantic showing a prevalence of 87.97% and a mean intensity of 4.69, while, in those from the Mediterranean, these were 41.27% and 1.73, respectively. In both samples the two-third larval stage types were isolated: Anisakis simplex sensu lato and Anisakis larvae type II, with prevalence of 85.71% and 30.83% in fish from the Atlantic and 41.27% and 1.59% for those from the Mediterranean, respectively. In both samples, the prevalence of larvae in viscera was clearly higher than in the muscle tissue. We also observed an increase in parasitization with increasing host length, those ≥ 46 cm having the highest prevalences (94.87% for those from the Atlantic and 58.33% for those from the Mediterranean; p<0.03).
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