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Four nematode species are reported from bony fishes caught in the Weddell Sea. Two species of cystidicolids, Cystidicola beatriceinsleyae (Holloway et Kiewer, 1969) and Ascarophis nototheniae Johnston et Mawson, 1945, were found in Lycodichthys antarcticus Pappenheim, 1911, whereas one capillariid, Capillaria (Procapillaria) sp., and one anisakid, Paranisakiopsis weddelliensis sp. nov., in Macrourus whitsoni Regan, 1913. Capillaria (Procapillaria) sp. (only females were found) is characterised by: body 17.6-26.0 mm long; stichosome composed of 46-49 stichocytes; presence of a vulvar appendage, and eggs 77-82 × 37-42 µm. This is the first Capillaria species reported from fishes in the Antarctic. Paranisakiopsis weddelliensis sp. nov. is characterised by: body length of male and female 40-48 and 55-62 mm, respectively; lips up to 200 µm and interlabia up to 140 µm long; inconspicuous dentigerous ridge on each lip; 8-10 pairs of preanal and 4 pairs of postanal papillae; spicules equal or subequal, 420-620 µm; eggs 83-85 × 63-65 µm. P. weddelliensis is the first representative of this genus reported from the Antarctic.
A new species of parasitic nematode, Ascarophis (Similascarophis) richeri sp. nov. (Cystidicolidae), is described from the stomach of the marine scorpaeniform fish Hoplichthys citrinus Gilbert (Hoplichthyidae) (prevalence 19%, intensity 1–8 nematodes per fish) collected in the region of the Chesterfield Islands (Coral Sea, west of New Caledonia) in October 2005. The new species, studied using both light and scanning electron microscopy, is characterized mainly by the structure of the mouth (highly reduced pseudolabia, high pseudolabial terminal projections, no submedian labia, well-developed, bilobed sublabia), bifurcate deirids, the length of the spicules (663–729 μm and 105–108 μm) and the presence of filaments on both egg poles (2–5 on each). Similascarophis Muñoz, González et George-Nascimento, 2004 is considered a subgenus of Ascarophis van Beneden, 1871 to accommodate the species characterized by highly reduced pseudolabia. Presence of the new species in fish from Seamount Nova (Lord Howe Rise) but not from the Chesterfield plateau suggests that it is endemic to this seamount, a case already encountered for many benthic invertebrates.
Two adult and one subadult (L₅) Ascarophis sp. were recovered from amphipods Gammarus spp. sampled in Métis Bay, Quebec. Sexually mature metacercariae of Hemiurus levinseni were found in the mysids Neomysis americana and Mysis stenolepis collected from St. George’s and St. Ann’s Bay, Nova Scotia. Both of these helminths are normally parasites of fish as adults. Precocious development may result in either the acceleration of gamete production in an intermediate host or a shortened life cycle where the usual obligatory vertebrate host is no longer required.
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