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This study describes the seasonal and annual changes in the diet of non-breeding male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) through the analysis of faeces collected on shore during four summer seasons (1993/94-1996/97) in the area of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, South Shetlands). Krill was the most frequent prey, found in 88.3% of the 473 samples. Fish was present in 84.7% of the samples, cephalopods and penguins in 12.5% each. Of the 3832 isolated otoliths, 3737 were identified as belonging to 17 fish species. The most numerous species were: Gymnoscopelus nicholsi, Electrona antarctica, Chionodraco rastro- spinosus, Pleuragramma antarcticum, and Notolepis coatsi. In January, almost exclusively, were taken pelagic Myctophidae constituting up to 90% of the total consumed fish biomass. However, in February and March, the number of bentho-pelagic Channichthyidae and Noto- theniidae as well as pelagic Paralepididae increased significantly, up to 45% of the biomass. In April the biomass of Myctophidae increased again. The frequency of squid and penguin occurrence was similar and low, but considering the greater individual body mass of penguins, their role as a food item may be much greater. In March and April, penguins could be as important prey item as fish. The amount of krill in the diet of Antarctic fur seals declined with a concomitant decrease in the mature krill availability. This appears to have been compensated by an increased frequency of the fur seal to eat fish and penguins.
Eight cestode species from the family Diphyllobothriidae Luehe, 1910 were found in three seal species, occurring near the Arctowski Station, the South Shetland Islands, West Antarctic. Diphyllobothrium wilsoni (Shipley, 1907), D. scotti Shipley, 1907, D. lashleyi (Leiper et Atkinson, 1914) and Glandicephalus perfoliatus (Railliet et Henry, 1912) occur in the Weddell seal; D. scoticum (Rennie et Reid, 1912), D. quadratum (Linstow, 1892), D. pseudowilsoni sp. n. and immature specimens of D. scotti in the leopard seal; Baylisia baylisi Markowski, 1952 in the crabeater seal. Diphyllobothrium pseudowilsoni sp. n. is distinguished from D. wilsoni (syn. D. mobile Rennie et Reid, 1912) by having more numerous testes, the absence of distinct armature of the cirrus, the arrangement of the vitelline follicles and from D. scotti in the shape of the scolex, the shorter body and neck, and the arrangement of the vitelline follicles. A key to all diphyllobothriid cestodes occurring in Antarctic seals is given.
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