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1
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A new basal actinopterygian fish from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Luoping, Yunnan Province, Southwest China

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Wen W., Zhang Q.-Y., Hu S.-X., Zhou C.-Y., Xie T., Huang J.-Y., Chen Z. Q., Benton M. J.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2012
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tom 57
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nr 1
The new neopterygian fish taxon Luoxiongichthys hyperdorsalis gen. et sp. nov. is established on the basis of five specimens from the second member of the Guanling Formation (Anisian, Middle Triassic) from Daaozi Quarry, Luoping, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The new taxon is characterized by the following characters: triangular body outline with a distinct apex located between skull and dorsal fin; free maxilla; slender preopercular almost vertical; three suborbitals; at least eight strong branchiostegals with tubercles and comb−like ornamentation on the anterior margin; clavicles present; two postcleithra; ganoid scales covered by tubercles and pectinate ornamentation on the posterior margin with peg−and−socket structure; hemiheterocercal tail slightly forked. Comparison with basal actinopterygians reveals that the new taxon has parasemionotid−like triangular symplectics, but a semionotid opercular system. Cladistic analysis suggests that this new genus is a holostean, and either a basal halecomorph or basal semionotiform.
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Silicified Anisian [Middle Triassic] spiriferinid brachiopods from Guizhou, South China

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Sun Z., Hao W., Sun Y., Jiang D.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2009
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tom 54
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nr 1
61-68
A newly discovered silicified brachiopod interval from the Upper Member of the Guanling Formation (Late Anisian, Middle Triassic) in Guizhou Province (South China) is described for the first time. The most remarkable feature of this brachiopod assemblage, besides the very good preservation, is the very low taxonomic evenness and diversity. This impoverished, low diversity/high density assemblage is represented by more than 700 recovered specimens belonging to three species within two spiriferinid genera (Pseudospiriferina multicostata, P. pinguis, and Punctospirella fragilis). It is characterized by the overwhelming abundance of an endemic spiriferinid species, P. multicostata, which contributes to more than 90% of the community. Silicified valves of P. multicostata and Punctospirella fragilis allow detailed descriptions of the internal morphology based on direct observation. Brachiopod paleoecology, assessed by considering host−rock lithology, shell disarticulation, and shell size suggests that this endemic brachiopod fauna represents a favourable niche for development of dense brachiopod−dominated communities, i.e., high energy, hard substrate, nutrient rich environment.
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A new capitosaur from the Middle Triassic of Spain and the relationships within the Capitosauria

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Fortuny J., Galobart A., de Santisteban C.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2011
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tom 56
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nr 3
Capitosaurs were the largest and homogeneous group of Triassic temnospondyl amphibians with cosmopolitan distribution. However, their interrelationships are debated. The first capitosaur cranial remains found in the Iberian Peninsula were assigned to Parotosuchus; herein, a re−description of this material, together with information on other remains recovered from the same site, enables us to classify them as a new genus: Calmasuchus acri gen. et sp. nov. (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the early−to−middle Anisian (early Middle Triassic). This capitosaur had a combination of plesiomorphic and non−plesiomorphic characters, such as posterolaterally directed tabular horns, paired anterior palatal vacuities, and unique morphology of the lower jaw. By cladistic analysis, we propose a new phylogeny for the monophyletic capitosaurs. In the analysis, Capitosauria is supported by seven synapomorphies. Wetlugasaurus is the most basal member of the clade. The score of the Russian taxon Vladlenosaurus alexeyevi resulted in a clade including Odenwaldia and the latter taxa. The Madagascarian Edingerella is the sister taxon of Watsonisuchus. Finally, Calmasuchus acri, the new taxon described here, appears as a more derived form than Parotosuchus. The new genus is the sister taxon of the Cyclotosaurus–Tatrasuchus and Eryosuchus–Mastodonsaurus clades.
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New saurichthyid actinopterygian fishes from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of southwestern China

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Feixiang W., Yuanlin S., Guanghui X., Weicheng H., Dayong J., Zuoyu S.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2011
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tom 56
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nr 3
A new genus Sinosaurichthys of the Saurichthyidae with three new species, S. longipectoralis, S. longimedialis, and S. minuta, are described and compared with Saurichthys. The new genus is represented by more than a hundred almost complete skeletons, collected from the strata corresponding to the Upper Member of the Guanling Formation (Pelsonian, Anisian, Middle Triassic) of two localities: Yangjuan of Panxian County, Guizhou Province, and Dawazi of Luoping, Yunnan Province, China. Sinosaurichthys differs from Saurichthys in having an unusual dermal pectoral girdle, high insertion of pectoral fin, relatively dorsally positioned axial skeleton in the abdominal region, and in the absence of branchiostegal rays. These differences are supposed to reflect the different life styles between the two genera. Sinosaurichthys, like the extant needlefish, probably has a better ability for cruising in surface water than Saurichthys. In addition, these species of Sinosaurichthys are compared, and their morphological differences also probably reflect individual adaptations for different habitats at the two localities.
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Coelacanths from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota, Yunnan, South China, with the earliest evidence of ovoviviparity

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Wen W., Zhang Q.-Y., Hu S.-X., Benton M. J., Zhou C.-Y., Tao X., Huang J.-Y., Chen Z.-Q.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2013
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tom 58
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nr 1
The fossil record of coelacanths is patchy, with very few taxa known from the Triassic of Asia. We report here two new genera and species of coelacanths from the Luoping Biota, a recently found site of exceptional fossil preservation from Yunnan, South China. The first new taxon, Luopingcoelacanthus eurylacrimalis, is based on four specimens, which to− gether show most aspects of the anatomy. One specimen shows two small coelacanths inside the ventral portion of the ab− dominal cavity, and these are interpreted as intrauterine embryos, close to birth size, based on comparisons with previ− ously reported embryos of the fossil coelacanths Rhabdoderma and Undina, and the extant genus Latimeria. Our new find extends the evidence for ovoviviparity in coelacanths back from the Late Jurassic to the Middle Triassic. The second new taxon, Yunnancoelacanthus acrotuberculatus, is based on one specimen, and differs from Luopingcoelacanthus in the dentary, lachrymojugal, number of rays of the first dorsal fin, and especially in the ornament on dermal bones and scales. Acladistic analysis shows that the new taxa are closest relatives to the derived clade Latimerioidei. The relatively high di− versity of coelacanths in the Early Triassic, and adaptations of living Latimeria to low−oxygen conditions, suggests that the group may have included ‘disaster taxa’ that benefited from anoxic and dysoxic ocean conditions in the aftermath of the end−Permian mass extinction.
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The halobiid bivalve genus Enteropleura and a new species from the Middle Anisian of Guangxi, Southern China

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Chen J., Stiller F.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2007
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tom 52
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nr 1
Enteropleura is a short−ranged early Middle Triassic bivalve genus, of importance with regard to biostratigraphy and the phylogeny of the Halobiidae. It comprises five species from the Alps, the Dinarides, Nevada, and southwestern China. Enteropleura walleri sp. nov. from the Fengshan District, northwestern Guangxi, southwestern China, occurs in the central area of the Triassic Nanpanjiang Basin. The new species is of late Middle Anisian age, penecontemporaneous to the species from Europe and Nevada. Morphologically, E. walleri sp. nov. is similar to Enteropleura jenksi from Nevada, Enteropleura bittneri from Austria, and Enteropleura lamellosa from Croatia, but it differs significantly from Enteropleura guembeli from Hungary. Two species−groups of Enteropleura thus may be differentiated, E. guembeli group and E. bittneri group. Re−examination of E. guembeli reported from the Anisian basin slope facies in Guizhou, southwestern China, confirms its taxonomic status.
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