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The study was carried out on an Anglo-Arab horse stud "O" at which 186 horses were kept including 67 brood-mares and 8 stallions. During tne 1991 breeding season the semen from the four stallions was used for insemination. At the begining of April 1991, insemination with semen from the stallion ARC, who was brought to the stud "O" a month earlier, was carried out. About seven days later, fever (39.5 - 40.5°C) and anorexia appeared in some of the inseminated mares. In most of the feverish mares, edema of eyelids and reddening of conjunctivas were also found. Two mares aborted after 3-4 months of gestation. Gynecological examination with an ultrasonograph was performed three times: before, at the begining and after the enzootic of Equine Viral Arteritis and showed permanent increase of embrionie death and resorption up to 31.8%. From tissue samples of two aborted fetuses and ARC's semen Equine Arteritis Virus was isolated. In serological examination for the presence of neutralizing antibodies against EAV conducted in 1989 on a group of 71 horses from the stud "O", 9.8% positive reactions were found. Subsequent serological examination performed on a group of 186 horses in 1991 after introduction of the stallion ARC to the stud revealed that 67.7% of animals were positive for EAV antibodies.
The duration of electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters: PQ, QT and R-R intervals change during long-term and short-term observation as the consequence of the fluctuations in autonomic nervous system activity among others dependent on the exercise and resting. There is no data of horse breed influence on these parameters. The aim of the study was to assess the duration and the variability of the PQ, QT and R-R intervals in the resting conditions and after exercise testing in Anglo-Arabian horses. Material and Methods: 27 healthy Anglo-Arabian horses aged 3.4 ± 1.0 years (15 male, 12 female) had ECG examination in the standing position using Einthoven system of leads. The longest and the shortest PQ, QT and R-R intervals were measured after night rest and after exercise testing and the means were calculated. Conclusions: 1) In Anglo-Arabian horses the difference between the longest and the shortest PQ interval at rest vs. after exercise is 0.06 ± 0.05 vs. 0.03 ± 0.02, QT interval is 0.04 ± 0.03 vs. 0.04 ± 0.04, R-R interval 0.19 ± 0.15 vs. 0.08 ± 0.11. 2) The PQ and R-R intervals reveal high short-term variability either at the resting conditions or after exercise testing. 3) After exercise testing PQ, QT and R-R intervals are shorter than at the resting conditions. The delta PQ and R-R are 2 times smaller in contrast to delta QT which is constant. 4) The PQ and R-R interval variability was greater at the baseline condition than after exercise testing. The QT variability was similar at baseline condition to that after exercise testing.
During the summer season, plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) inArabian,Anglo-Arabian and Hucul horses as well as colts and fillies were higher compared to the winter season. Significant differences in IGF-I concentration between the seasons were found in Hucul horses (P≤0.01) and in colts (P≤0.05). Season had no significant effect on 1.25(OH)2-D3 concentration in the horse breeds studied. However, plasma concentrations of this hormone were always higher in the summer than in the winter season regardless of the breed (exceptAnglo-Arabians) and sex. Knowledge and monitoring of the physiological concentrations of IGF-1 and vitamin D3 metabolites in different seasons of the year, combined with analysis of growth rate during these periods may contribute to the improvement of the horse management and feeding system. Because of the association between these hormones and the frequency of developmental orthopaedic diseases, this information could be potentially used in veterinary practice.
Eighteen purebred Arabian mares and six Anglo-Arabian mares were observed during first 4 h after foaling in one of the leading Polish stud farms in two foaling seasons. The aim of the research was to analyse the behaviour of mares and the condition of foals after parturition. Specific behavioural responses like licking, nuzzling, and touching a foal were identified as interactive activities supporting the process of creating the bond between the mare and the foal. The maternal behaviours started immediately after parturition and reached the biggest frequency in the first hour after foaling. The time spent by the mares on standing, resting, and eating has also been measured. The results of observations were compared in reference to mares' breeds and statuses. Aggressive maternal behaviour, both normal and abnormal (perceived as aberration) was noticed. Foal's condition after parturition was assessed on the basis of the first standing up, colostrum nursing, and meconium passing. On average, the foals made attempts to stand up in the 21st min after birth, and the first self-reliant getting up occurred in the 85th min. The share of time spent by the foals in the upright position increased with even hour. Furthermore, the time of the first colostrum nursing was associated with the first standing up. The duration of gestation influenced foals' colostrum nursing and meconium passing.
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