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The social organization of Chinese water deer was studied in a zoological park. Most adults lived together in the mixed zone, although other habitats were available. The overlap between individual areas was largest in females. In the mating season alone, less than half of the males established territories which overlapped in small spots where most encounters occurred. Females travelled freely throughout the entire available area, but non-territorial males stayed between the territories. Except in males during mating season, very few physical contacts other than sniffing took place between individuals regardless of age, sex or status. Each animal lived alone and did not show attraction or aggressiveness towards congeners. Grouping was temporary with no durable link between individuals, not even between mothers and daughters older than 5 months. The solitary life of individuals on a common ground and the establishment of seasonal territories make the water deer unique among ruminants. The species appears to be no more social than the water chevrotain, an “ancient” species. This fits well with other characteristics of the species.
Changes in behaviours of the two peccary species, Tayassu tajacu Linnaeus, 1758 and T. pecari Link, 1795 between non-receptive and receptive periods were followed by presenting females to males daily for 15 minutes. In T. tajacu, the rank order of behaviours, similar in both sexes during the non-receptive period, differs during receptivity. Contact behaviours decrease in males, whereas sexual ones progress. The same tendency appears in females. Inhibited bites replace markings of partner as the most common behaviour in both sexes. In T. pecari, the rank order of behaviours always differs between sexes. When females become receptive, the differences from the non-receptive period are neither numerous nor significant. The most common behaviour of males, previously markings of partner, becomes mounts, whereas in females agonistic behaviours reinforce their dominance. In this species, the only behaviours that increase are those leading directly to copulation or those of an agonistic nature. In both species, females show more agonistic behaviours than males (mainly inhibited bites in T. tajacu, truly aggressive ones in T. pecari). When females are receptive, males of T. pecari become less active, contrary to T. tajacu where both sexes double their activity. In T. tajacu, most behaviours vary significantly in relation to the progesterone level, contrary to the other species. These pecularities appear correlated to herd composition and organisation.
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