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Ethnobotanical investigation of wild vegetables used among local communities in northwest Pakistan

100%
Ahmad K., Weckerle C. S., Nazir A.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
|
2019
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tom 88
|
nr 1
Wild vegetables can contribute to people’s food security and health. In northwest Pakistan, almost 40% of the households are classified as food insecure, due to increasing population and natural and man-made catastrophes. There is an urgent need to get an overview of still existing practices of wild vegetable use and to incorporate such knowledge into agricultural policies. The present study, therefore, aims to collect and analyze information on the most widely and commonly used wild vegetables in northwest Pakistan. Semistructured interviews were performed with 126 informants (26–78-year old) from all 24 districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Information on culinary and medicinal use, cooking methods, and growing and harvest season were collected. A rating scale was used to get the opinion on quality, abundance, and use frequency of wild vegetables. Information on trading was gathered on local and regional markets. Transect walks were done with key informants for specimen collection. A total of 25 wild vegetable species (21 genera, 13 families) were documented. Most of them are herbs (22 spp.). One third of the species needs processing or detoxification prior to cooking. Taste and food quality as perceived by the local people are the main driver for use frequency and commercialization. Length of availability varies from 2 to 7 months with Rumex dentatus and Vicia faba also available during the winter season. Overall, 21 spp. are also used medicinally, mainly for gastrointestinal diseases. Leaves are the preferred plant part for both vegetables and medicines. Nine species are sold in markets, Bauhinia variegata and Caralluma tuberculata throughout the whole province. Local communities in northwest Pakistan have a broad knowledge of local plant use, especially on wild vegetables and their adequate processing. The present study suggests that the most commonly used wild vegetables should be promoted to reinforce food safety and most of them may also be commercialized. Conservation priority has to be given to the commercially harvested Caralluma tuberculata, which is presently overexploited.
2

Adsorption characteristics of magnesium-modified bentonite clay with respect to acid blue 129 in aqueous media

64%
Hussain S., Ullah Z., Gul S., Khattak R., Kazmi N., Rehman F., Khan S., Ahmad K., Imad M., Khad A.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2016
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tom 25
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nr 5
Locally available bentonite clay has been modified by magnesium and used to eliminate acid blue 129 from aqueous solutions. The adsorption was studied under different experimental conditions such as dye concentrations, temperature, and shaking time. The adsorption of the dye increased with time and followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic with rate constant “k” 0.126 min-1 at 283 K. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° were calculated from the slope and intercept of the linear plots of ln K against1/T. Analysis of adsorption results obtained at temperatures of 283, 293, 303, and 313 K showed that the adsorption pattern on bentonite seems to follow Langmuir and Freundlih. The increase in temperature reduces adsorption capacity by magnesium-modified bentonite due to the enhancement of the desorption step in the mechanism. The activation energy of the adsorption process was found to be 3.55 kJ mol-1. The Mg-bentonite showed better adsorption than Ba and Al-bentonite. Our study reveals that abundantly available local clay may be used to eliminate dyes from aqueous solutions.
3

Lead toxicity evaluation in ramz grazing on pasture during autumn and winter:a case study

64%
Khan Z. I., Ashraf M., Ahmad K., Bayat A., Mukhtar M. K., Naqvi S. A. H., Nawaz R., Zaib M. J., Shaheen M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2012
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tom 21
|
nr 5
A study was conducted to appraise the levels of lead (Pb) in soils, pastures, and plasma of 20 rams raised in a farm alleged to have metal contamination. Samples of soil, pasture, and ram blood were taken four times with a one-month interval during autumn and winter, from October to January, and analyzed for Pb by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Considerable statistically significant differences were found in soil, pasture, and plasma Pb contents as a function of sampling time. The mean Pb values in soil ranged from 17.9 to 28.8 mg/kg, in forage from 9.92 to 16.4 mg/kg, and in plasma from 0.058 to 0.086 mg/1 with a steady dwindle with sampling times. Forage Pb concentrations found in the present study were higher than the decisive Pb level for animals, but lower than the toxic limits for forage, signifying no anticipation of toxicity present in rams grazing therein. A significant positive correlation also was found between soil and forage and between forage and blood plasma Pb during this study. Overall, soil, forage, and rams contained tolerable amounts of Pb, so there is no risk of Pb toxicity presently to the rams being reared at the animal farm under study.
4

Assessing the toxic potential of insecticide and indigenous botanical extract against the stored grain pest Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

64%
Zuhra B., Ahmad K., Ali S., Hussain A., Nafees M. A., Ali S., Ali M., Hussain S., Ali Z.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2018
|
tom 27
|
nr 5
The current investigation was undertaken to assess the toxic potential of synthetic insecticides (K.Othrin and bio-max) and botanical extracts (Mentha royleana L. and Artemisia absinthium L.) against Tribolium castaneum in the laboratory. Different concentrations of insecticides and botanical extracts were used following complete randomized block design. The results indicated that the toxic effects were directly proportional to concentrations of insecticide and botanical extracts. Higher concentrations had more resilient toxicity than lower concentrations. Among the tested insecticides, Biomax (Chlorpyrifos) showed >90% and K-Othrin (Deltamethrin) <80% mean toxic effect at 2% concentrations. In the botanical extract, Mentha royleana toxicity at 5% concentration is > 90% as compared to Artemisia absinthium against T. Castaneum. The results could be helpful in designing an effective management plan for the control of T. castaneum.
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