The aim of the study was to determine the time of emergence and level of Y. enterocolitica antibodies in pregnant sows challenged orally with Y. enterocolitica in particular trimesters of pregnancy (groups I, II and III, respectively) and also the assignation of its influence on the CRP and Hp concentration in sera of pigs. Levels of antibodies measured by tube agglutination test increased slowly from 2 weeks post infection (wpi) and positive results were obtained not in all animals. In ELISA, in 2 weeks in all groups of infected animals high levels of antibodies against Y. enterocolitica were formed and lasted up to the end of the experiment. In newborn piglets in all groups, a significant decrease in antibody levels 6 weeks after birth was observed in both agglutination and ELISA tests. Concentrations of CRP as Hp in all groups of infected animals increased in 1 week post infection. Statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between CRP levels in groups I and II (46-fold and 44-fold) as well as III (29-fold) were revealed. In case of Hp, statistically significant differences between groups of animals in the first week post infection were not observed. Our findings indicate that Y. enterocolitica infection evoked strong and long-lasting immunological reaction in the form of specific antibodies production in all inoculated animals. The significant increase in CRP and moderate increase in Hp concentrations in the sera of pregnant sows also occurred. However, relationships between colostrums antibody levels in piglets’ sera and phase of pregnancy when the Y. enterocolitica infection happened in sows were not observed.
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) experimental infection on the carrying and shedding states of the microorganism by pregnant sows and on the bacteria occurrence in tissues of the infected animals and aborted or stillborn piglets. Twelve pregnant sows were divided into 4 groups and infected per os on 33 – group I (n=3), 54 – group II (n=3) and 89 – group III (n=3) day of pregnancy with the Y. enterocolitica strain isolated from the palatine tonsil of aborted swine fetus. The control group (n=3) remained uninfected. Rectal, oral and vaginal swabs from sows, placentas and the specimens of tissues from stillborn piglets were collected for bacteriological examination. Eight weeks after delivery, the sows were slaughtered and samples of internal organs were subjected to bacteriological examination. Pregnancy in all groups of sows took a normal course, and no cases of abortion were observed. Y. enterocolitica was isolated from oral, rectal and vaginal swabs of all infected sows. The number of stillborn piglets in the litters was highest in group III, where two macerated fetuses with putrefactive lesions were found. The bacteria were isolated from tissues of stillborn piglets in groups I and III, and only from placenta in group II. In rectal swabs of piglets in all groups, Y. enterocolitica was not isolated. The results of experimental infection of pregnant sows with Y. enterocolitica revealed that in animals infected in the last part of pregnancy, the microorganisms were isolated most frequently from vaginal, rectal and oral swabs of sows as well as from internal organ tissues of stillborn piglets.
The study was aimed on determining the clinical protective value of Lydium-KLP and Methisoprinol in the prevention of respiratory system diseases, as well as their effect on the health status of pigs in large-scale commercial breeding and on the improvement of in the effectiveness of specific immunoprophylaxis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of in swine (MPS). Piglets at the age of 7 d were divided into eight groups of 25-30 piglets each. On days 7 and 21 of life they were immunised with Respisure vaccine (group I) or administrated Lydium-KLP or Methisoprinol (groups IV and VII). In other groups, Lydium-KLP or Methisoprinol were given simultaneously (groups II and V) or 48 h before immunisation with Respisure (groups III and VI). Control piglets were administrated PBS (group C). Clinical observations as well as post-slaughter and animal husbandry analyses indicated that the simultaneous administration of Lydium-KLP or Methisoprinol with Respisure gives better results in comparison to immunisation- only with Respisure. The statistically-significant differences were found in the mean percentage of meatiness between groups receiving Methisoprinol with or 48 h before Respisure and control group, as well as in the point evaluation of lesions in the lungs between groups receiving Lydium-KLP with Respisure and Methisoprinol 48 h before Respisure and control group. The study demonstrated the beneficial effect of coupled administration of Lydium-KLP or Methisoprinol and Respisure on the improvement of health status and the productive performance of pigs, as well as on the effectiveness of specific immunoprophylaxis of MPS in large- scale commercial breeding. The most beneficial variants of coupled administration were the simultaneous application of Lydium- KLP and Respisure, and Methisoprinol application 48 h before immunisation with Respisure.
The purpose of the studies was to determine the proliferation activity of T and B lymphocytes as well as the metabolic and potential killing activity of blood phagocytes in pigs after the immunomodulation with the Bioimmuno preparation and/or immunisation with the 'Respisure One' vaccine against mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine. The studies were performed on piglets at the age of 4 weeks, divided into four groups of seven animals each. The biopreparations were administered according to the following pattern: Bioimmuno (1 kg/50 kg of feedstuff) for 48 h before vaccination with Respisure One (2 ml/animal i.m.) on the 28th d of life (group I), Bioimmuno (1 kg/50 kg of feedstuff) on days 26 and 27 of life (48 h before vaccination with Respisure One of groups I and III) (group II), Respisure One on the 28th d of life (group III) and PBS (2 ml/animal i.m.) simultaneously with vaccination of groups I and III (group C - control). The proliferation activity of T and B lymphocytes (MTT test) and the metabolic and potential killing activity of blood phagocytes (RBA and PKA tests) were determined in whole blood. Statistically significantly higher (P<0.05) proliferation activity of Con A-stimulated T lymphocytes as well as LPS-stimulated B lymphocytes were found in the stimulated and immunised group I and the immunised group III in comparison with the stimulated group II and group C. Higher metabolic and potential killing activities of the phagocytes were also detected in all experimental groups compared with the control one. The studies have demonstrated that the Bioimmuno immunomodulator and/or the Respisure One vaccine stimulate the proliferative response of T and B lymphocytes, as well as they increase the metabolic and potential killing activity of blood phagocytes, contributing to the improvement in the immune system functioning and to the protection of the swine organism against the infections of the respiratory system.
The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of oral Yersinia enterocolitica infection on the course and duration of pregnancy, litter parameters, and endocrine milieu in sows depending on the phase of pregnancy at the moment of infection. The studies were performed on 12 pregnant sows, divided into four groups (n=3) and infected per os on the first (33 d of pregnancy -dp), second (54 dp), and third (89 dp) trimester of pregnancy with the pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strain isolated from palatine tonsil of aborted swine foetus. The control group remained uninfected. The most deviations from physiological and clinical norms exhibited sows infected in the third trimester of pregnancy. In this group deliveries happened the latest (118 dp), the number of stillborn piglets was the highest (14.5%), and mean piglet body weight was the lowest (1.1 kg). In all sows from the group, vaginal purulent effluent occurred and lasted about two weeks after parturition. The least numerous litters were observed in group infected in the first trimester (11.1). Haematological examinations revealed only slight leukocytosis in all infected groups during 2 weeks post infection. No significant abnormalities in the concentration of the examined hormones were found but Y. enterocolitica infection could influence P₄ and E₁-S levels of pregnant animals and that influence was dependent on the pregnancy period when the infection happened.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the anatomo- and histopathological lesions in internal organs of sows and their stillborn piglets after experimental Y. enterocolitica infection in different phases of pregnancy. Twelve pregnant sows were divided into 4 groups, infected per os on 33 (n=3), 54 (n=3) and 89 (n=3) day of pregnancy with the pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strain isolated from the aborted swine fetus, and uninfected control group. Histopathological examinations of internal organs and intestine samples of stillborn piglets, slaughtered sows and samples of placentas were performed. Anatomo- and histopathological lesions were the most intense in the group of sows infected in the final phase of pregnancy, where the highest number of stillborn piglets was also found. Lesions of internal organs in stillborn piglets suggested a severe generalized bacterial infection. Although the analysis of experimental Y. enterocolitica infection of pregnant sows revealed that the most intense clinical, anatomopathological and histopathological abnormalities were recorded in the group of animals infected in the final phase of pregnancy. Infection in the first phase of pregnancy could have had an influence on the formation of the granulomatous inflammation. Differences in anatomopathological lesions between infected and control animals suggest that the period of pregnancy in which the infection appears could have had an influence on the course of yersiniosis in pigs.
The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the Bioimmuno administration in feed and/or immunisation with the 'Respisure' One vaccine against mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine on the development of non-specific immune response expressed by the level of acute phase proteins (APP). The study was performed on 28 piglets at the age of 4 weeks, divided into four equal groups. The biopreparations were administered according to the following pattern: group I - Bioimmuno (1 kg/50 kg of feedstuff) for 48 h and then vaccination with Respisure One (2 ml/animal i.m.), group II - Bioimmuno ( 1 kg/50 kg of feedstuff) for 48 h, group III - Respisure One (2 ml/animal i.m.), and group C (control) - PBS (2 ml/animal i.m.). Serum concentration of APP: C- reactive protein, haptoglobin, and ceruloplasmin were determined on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after immunomodulation and/or immunisation. The statistically significantly lower (P<0.05) levels of all determined APP in the experimental groups in comparison with the control group were demonstrated. This proves the protective value of the biopreparations applied in specific patterns, through their beneficial influence on the decrease in consequences of the respiratory system infections in pigs.
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