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The observations were conducted on 11 cultivars of blueberry at different time of fruit maturing (early ripening, about average time of maturing and late ripening) and at three dates: during fruit set, maturing of fruit and harvest time. Quite significant differences in the susceptibility of each cultivar in each group to fruit diseases, which also depended on the phase of their development, were revealed. Based on three evaluations of health status of blueberry plants it has been concluded that the most sensitive to diseases are cultivars: Blueray, Crotan, and Bluejay, and the most resistant: Boniface, Puru and Brigitta.
The influence of three biotechnical products Biochikol 20 PC (chitosan) at a dose 2; 4 and 6%, Bioczos BR (homogenate of garlic) – 1; 2 and 3%, Biosept 33 SL (extract from grapefruit) – 0.2; 0.4 and 0.6% and the reference fungicide Amistar 250 SC (azoxystrobin) – 0.05; 0.1 and 0.2% on mycelium growth of three species of fungi: Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea and Cladosporium cladosporioides that are the most frequently isolated microorganisms from infested fruits of blueberry was examined in laboratory conditions. The study was conducted using a poisoned substrates method and Abbot’s formula to evaluate activity of tested products. The research showed that the activity of examined compounds varies and depends on applied products, their concentrations and species of examined fungi. Biosept 33 SL demonstrated the best efficacy, higher than Amistar 250 SC, in inhibiting growth of fungal hyphae. Bioczos BR showed much lower efficiency, whereas Biochikol 020 PC did not show any activity in reducing mycelial growth. However, numerous reports reveal high efficacy of Bioczos BR in plant protection confirming that chitosan acts as an inducer of systemic resistance to some pathogens.
The aim of carried out research was an isolation and identification of fungi from diseased blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruits collected at three dates: during fruit set, maturing of fruit and fruitharvest. In general 14 species and forms of fungi were identified out of 319 isolates. It was quite a significant difference in the communities of microorganisms isolated from fruits in reference to different stages of plant development. Common infection of fruit buds by Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata suggests capability of primary infection during flowering period. Fungi species, which produce toxins, especially genus: Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium and Penicillium present high threat to plants. B. cinerea, Alternaria spp., Colletotrichum gleosporioides and Monilia fructigena have been recognized as particularly dangerous to blueberry crops due to frequency of their occurrence and harmfulness at different stages of fruit development, and long-term character of blueberry production.
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