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A field experiment was carried out at the Minikowo Agricultural Experiment Station the vicinity of Bydgoszcz and aimed at defining the effect of the sowing date and nitrogen fertilisation on yielding and selected technological parameters of ‘Mikon’ winter wheat grain and flour. Two sowing dates were applied (factor I): optimal in a given year and 2-week delayed date and 4 nitrogen fertilisation levels (factor II): 0, 80, 120 and 160 kg Nˇha-1. The sowing date delayed by two weeks, as compared with the optimal date, significantly decreased the grain yield by 6.6% and increased the content of wet gluten and the value of sedimentation ratio. The dose of 120 kg Nˇha-1 was most favourable for ‘Mikon’ winter wheat yielding. A further increase in N fertilisation used to show a tendency for decreased wheat yielding.
The reduction of sulphur emissions achieved over the last 20 years has led to sulphur deficit in soil, which decreases crop yields and deteriorated yield quality. Sulphur fertilisation affects both plants and physicochemical soil properties. The total carbon content in soil affects the capacity and quality of the sorption complex, which in turn determines the buffer capacity. The content of available forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in soil has strong influence on the soil fertility. The uptake with yield and the acidification of soil, which intensifies the processes of retardation and nutrient leaching, result in depletion of those nutrients in soil. In 2005-2007, an experiment was carried out at the Experiment Station of the Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, the University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, to assess the effect of sulphur fertilisation on the content of total carbon and available forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in soil. Sulphur fertilisation was applied in the ionic form, i.e. sodium sulphate (VI), and in the elemental form. The rates were 0, 20, 40, 60 kg S ha–1. The results demonstrated that increasing sulphur rates considerably decreased the content of available forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in soil. A significant increase was also found in the total carbon content in soil after fertilisation with 20 and 40 S kg ha–1 . Interestingly, the organic carbon content in soil clearly depended on the form of applied sulphur: sulphate (VI) or elemental.
In our studies the highest mean significant yield of spring triticale grain of the Kargo variety was obtained following the application of 120 kg N·ha⁻¹ and after the foliar application of the highest dose of zinc, as compared to the examined lower levels of fertilization. The used variable fertilization with nitrogen applied to the soil and the foliar application of zinc, on average, resulted in a significant increase in the content of total protein in spring triticale grain of the Kargo variety. The values of the most important baking indices determined for spring triticale manifested growing tendencies within the entire range of the applied doses of nitrogen and zinc. On average, the highest significant content of wet gluten was obtained following the application of 120 kg N·ha⁻¹, and of the highest dose of zinc as compared to, respectively, the dose of 80 kg N·ha⁻¹ and to control.
Modest stand requirements, high yielding potential and high nutritive value have made triticale an alternative crop to other cereals in Poland. The grain of that cereal is mostly used for making animal feed, although it can also be processed by the food industry. Triticale yields and the quality of grain are largely determined by agro-technical factors, including mineral fertilisation. Over the recent years, more attention has been attracted to the favourable effect of cereal fertilisation with microelements, especially more intensive nitrogen nutrition. In 2005–2007, a two-factor field experiment in a split-plot design was set up at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Minikowo, which belongs to the University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen rates and foliar zinc application on the content of zinc and copper in grain of cv. Kargo spring triticale. The plots, 20 m2 each, were treated with two nitrogen fertilisation rates (factor I, n=2): 80 kg N ha–1 (N80) and 120 kg N ha–1 (N120) and three zinc fertilisation rates (factor II, n=3): Zn0 (without zinc), Zn1 (0.1 kg ha–1) and Zn2 (0.3 kg ha–1) against fixed, pre-sowing phosphorus and potassium fertilisation. It was found that the rate of 120 kg N ha–1 resulted in a significant increase in the zinc content and a decrease in the copper concentration in grain of the cultivar Kargo spring triticale, as compared with the treatment which received 80 kg N ha–1. Foliar zinc application, in all the rates applied, resulted in a significant increase in the zinc content and a decrease in the copper concentration in spring triticale grain.
W pracy przedstawiono wstępną ocenę przydatności kondycjonera glebowego do poprawy wybranych wskaźników żyzności gleby lekkiej i porównanie jego wpływu z działaniem obornika i pomiotu kurzego. W skład kondycjonera wchodziły odpady pochodzące z ubojni drobiu. Stwierdzono, że kondycjoner glebowy oraz obornik i pomiot kurzy wpływały na wzrost zawartości węgla organicznego, azotu ogółem, a także przyswajalnych form fosforu, potasu i magnezu w glebie. Natomiast wartości pH określone po zastosowaniu badanego kondycjonera, obornika i pomiotu kurzego nie spowodowały zmiany klasyfikacji gleb pod względem odczynu.
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