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Celem badania była ocena efektywności ekonomicznej oraz określenie roli dopłat w kształtowaniu dochodu gospodarstw produkujących żywiec wołowy. Badaniami zostało objętych 95 gospodarstw utrzymujących bydło mięsne w południowej Polsce. Na podstawie wyników stwierdzono, że uzyskiwane przez badane gospodarstwa wsparcie finansowe w głównej mierze decyduje o wysokości uzyskiwanych przychodów, a tym samym o dodatnim wyniku ekonomicznym prowadzonej działalności rolniczej, szczególnie w regionach o rozdrobnionej strukturze obszarowej, słabych związkach z rynkiem i niskiej intensywności produkcji.
The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of embryo collection depending on where semen in superovulation cow-donors in heat is deposited. Research was carried out on 44 embryo donors, including 26 heifers and 18 cows of the Polish HolsteinFriesian breed. Manipulations were carried out with the participation of veterinary doctors who specialize in embryo transfer. The estrus cycle of the future donors was synchronized with the double intramuscular injection of 2 ml Cloprostenol (Oestrophan, Biofaktor Company), Dinolytic (Pfizer Polska Sp. z o.o.) 5 ml or Bioestrovet (0.5 mg of Cloprostenol – active substance) (Vetoquinol, Biowet Sp. z o.o.) 2 ml administered for 11 days. Superovulation was initiated at day 10th of an estrus cycle – administered by injection of 10 ml of FSH (Pluset) during 4 consecutive days (in the morning and in the evening). Estrus was induced on the 3rd day of the superovulation treatment by providing 500 µg and 250 µg of Cloprostenol (Bioestrovet) twice – 2 ml in the morning and 1 ml in the evening. Subsequently, 25 donors were inseminated three times, another 19 were inseminated twice with single or double doses of semen deposited at different locations inside the uterus. Donors were inseminated with frozen semen which is used for standard AI. Obtained results showed a significant influence of placement location of semen on the efficiency of embryos’ collection. The highest ratio (40.4%) of embryos and oocytes was obtained in the case when semen was itself placed in the uterine horn. The lowest ratio (16.2%) was observed in the case when semen was placed in the uterus. Moreover, a difference in the number of obtained oocytes and embryos depends on the sequence of semen placement locations. In the case of location in the uterus body versus uterine horn 0.6 more embryos and oocytes were collected. The number of embryos suitable for transfer was the highest when semen was placed in the uterine horn. Concluding, the uterine horn appeared to be the best place for semen location.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the milk yield of a milk cow on the length of its calving interval. The studies were carried out on 104 crossbred cows (Black-and White x HF). On the basis of the breeding data the length of calving interval (OMC) as well as the insemination index, number of milking days and the milk yield of consecutive lactations, were analyzed. Only cows having at least three consecutive lactations were studied. Milk yield data were divided into three groups: lower than 5000 kg of milk per lactation, between 5000 to 7000 kg and more than 7000 kg per lactation. The results indicate the significant influence of the milk yield and the consecutive lactation period on the length of OMC. It was noted that the greater milk yield observed the longer the interval of OMC was. Some reproductive traits that were mentioned before were not as satisfactory as we expected them to be for the studied herd. We assume that other factors like insemination failure can influence the length of OMC and milk yield, which is indicated by the high value of the insemination index.
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