Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on the growth and nitrogen concentration of paddy soil and rice plants

100%

Guan W., Zhao X., Li Y.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2020

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tom 29

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nr 6

2

Prediction of the distribution of Alpine tree species under climate change scenarios: Larix chinensis in Taibai Mountain (China)

100%

Zhao X., Meng H., Wang W., Yan B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 2

Larix chinensis, an endangered and endemic alpine tree, occurs on Mt. Taibai in the Qinling Mountains, China. The extreme sensitivity of this species to climate change makes predicting its future distribution important. Using high-resolution remote-sensing imagery, and the Maxent model, we analysed the current distribution and forecast future distribution of L. chinensis under two climate change scenarios, IPCC A2 and IPCC B2. The results showed that three dominant climatic factors influenced the geographic distribution of L. chinensis: mean annual temperature, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, and precipitation of wettest month. Currently, L. chinensis mainly concentrated at 3100 m and covers an area of 53.52 km². The population on the southern slope covers approximately twice the area of that on the northern slope; the model simulations indicated that the area of suitable habitat would decrease continually under two climate change scenarios, A2 and B2; the decrease was more obvious in scenario A2, and the range in scenario A2 covers approximately twice the area of that in scenario B2. Under both scenarios, L. chinensis would first be extirpated at lower elevations, and the suitable habitat of this species would move to higher elevations in the Taibai Mountains.

3

Image fusion for travel time tomography inversion

100%

Yin X., Liu L., Zhao X., Ashraf M. A.

Polish Maritime Research

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2015

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tom 22

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nr Special Issue S1

The travel time tomography technology had achieved wide application, the hinge of tomography was inversion algorithm, the ray path tracing technology had a great impact on the inversion results. In order to improve the SNR of inversion image, comprehensive utilization of inversion results with different ray tracing can be used. We presented an imaging fusion method based on improved Wilkinson iteration method. Firstly, the shortest path method and the linear travel time interpolation were used for forward calculation; then combined the improved Wilkinson iteration method with super relaxation precondition method to reduce the condition number of matrix and accelerate iterative speed, the precise integration method was used to solve the inverse matrix more precisely in tomography inversion process; finally, use wavelet transform for image fusion, obtain the final image. Therefore, the ill- conditioned linear equations were changed into iterative normal system through two times of treatment and using images with different forward algorithms for image fusion, it reduced the influence effect of measurement error on imaging. Simulation results showed that, this method can eliminate the artifacts in images effectively, it had extensive practical significance

4

Secondary metabolites, carbohydrate accumulation, and nutrient uptake in Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem seedlings exposed to shoot cutting and different LED spectra

100%

Wei H., Zhao X., Chen X., He X.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2020

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tom 42

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nr 11

5

Opposite-sex sibling recognition in adult root vole, Microtus oeconomus Pallas: phenotype matching or association

100%

Sun P., Zhu W., Zhao X.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 4

701-708

Hypothesis of phenotype matching and association are the most likely mechanisms in kin recognition. These hypotheses were tested by observing behavioral responses of cross-fostered root voles to urine cues from familiar and unfamiliar kin and non-kin. In experiment I, approach latency by males was significantly longer in response to non-sibling reared together (NSRT) than to non-sibling reared apart (NSRA) females, whereas, investigatory and sniffing time were significantly less in response to NSRT than to NSRA. However females showed no event bias to odors from NSRT and NSRA males. In experiment II, the behavioral responses of males and females to urine odors from siblings reared apart (SRA) and NSRA were not related to the degree of genetic relationship. It was concluded that: Association mechanism is used by male root voles in opposite-sex sibling recognition; Female voles possibly adopt multiple recognition mechanisms in different social tests.

6

Chemical communication in mammal population: urinary olfactory chemosignals in lactating female root voles (Microtus oeconomus Pallas)

100%

Yu H., Zhao X., Yue P., Sun P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 1

Urine is a major source of mammalian chemosignals. Among rodents, the sexual attractiveness and chemical constituents of urine vary with different reproductive stages. We confirmed the differing sexual attractiveness to males of the urine of lactating and non-lactating female root voles (Microtus oeconomus) and analyzed individual coding forms and lactation-specific putative pheromones, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). First, we documented the behavioral preference of male voles to urine odors of lactating and non-lactating females in a choice maze. The results showed that male voles engaged in more sniffing behavior and spent more time self-grooming in response to urinary odors of lactating females than to urinary odors of non-lactating females. We then used GC-MS to analyze the urine’s individual coding forms and potential chemosignals. We identified 34 volatile compounds, corresponding to 34 GC peaks, in the urine of female voles. The components identified in the urine samples included benzo- forms, alkanes, alkenes, acids, esters, pyrans, alcohols, and other volatile compounds. 12 basic volatiles were detected in all urine samples while others were specific to individuals. (E)5-octadecene and (N) hexadecanoic acid were specific to the lactating stage. A quantitative comparison of the relative abundances of the basic GC peaks showed no difference between the lactating and non-lactating stages, suggesting that individual identity is coded in digital form. We suggest that the urine of lactating females possesses stronger sexual attraction cues because of the presence of (E)5-octadecene and (N)hexadecanoic acid, which are putative lactating pheromones. However, the specific function of the pheromones should be assessed further by bioassay.

7

Challenge of water sources in urbanizing China: an analysis of agricultural water footprint

100%

Cao X., Wu P., Wang Y., Zhao X.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2015

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tom 24

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nr 1

It is widely recognized that China is facing the dual challenge of food scarcity and water shortage. A large amount of water is to be demanded for the country’s huge population and rapid economic growth. The agricultural water footprint (AWF) proposes a new approach to indicate the interaction between food consumption and water utilization. This paper aims to quantify a long-time series of China’s AWF, map its variation trend, and assess its potential influence. The findings show that the total agricultural water footprint (TAWF) has increased from 7,593 km³ in 1990 to 10,929 km³ in 2011 due to increases in population and in per capita agricultural water footprint (CAWF). Over the past few years, China has also held an increasing external AWF volume, which climbed up to nearly 10% of the TAWF respectively in 2009, 2010, and 2011. The animal WF proportion of a single urban resident was much higher than that of a rural one because of their different consumption patterns, but neither of their proportions varied significantly over the same period of time. China’s CAWF increased over time and held a multi-year average value of 741 m³ ·cap⁻¹·y⁻¹. The results suggest that CAWF stayed linear positively related to the urban population proportion (UPP) during the study period and that urbanization proves to be the dominant driving force to the water requirement for food consumption augmentation. Considering the irresistible economic growth and urbanization, China should take active measures to cope with troubles potentially brought by the increase in AWF and water dependency degree (WDD). Suggestions with regard to how to guarantee China’s food and water resource security are raised in this paper.

8

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Climatic response of Betula ermanii along an altitudinal gradient in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain, China

100%

Wang X., Zhao X., Gao L.

Dendrobiology

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2013

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tom 70

The sensitivity of Betula ermanii tree-ring growth to climate variation over an altitudinal gradient was assessed. Betula ermanii forest grows in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain from approximately 1,700mabove sea level (a.s.l.), andforms the upper tree line at nearly 2,100ma.s.l.. Six study sites were constructed along the altitudinal gradient (1,670 to 2,010 m a.s.l.) and ring-width chronologies of Betula ermanii were built. The mean tree-ring series intercorrelation (RBAR) increasedwith elevation. In principal component analysis, the first unrotatedprinciple component explained77.1% of the total variance, indicating the tree-ring growth of Beutla ermanii over the altitudinal gradient was governed by regional climate. Correlation function analysis revealedthat the radial growth of Betula ermanii was significantly similar in response to climatic conditions. Overall, the low temperatures during previous June, July and during the dormant period (previous October to current May) andthe high temperatures during current June, July andAugust would benefit the radial growth of Betula ermanii. Abundant precipitation during growing season (previous June, July, September andcurrent August), previous November andcurrent May, wouldalso facilitate the tree-ring growth. The reason for this uniform growth behavior in Betula ermanii remainedunclear. Betula ermanii in Changbai Mountain formedrelatively pure stands with an open canopy, which might be partly contributing to the common growth response to climatic signals along the altitudinal gradient, but further work was required for testing this assumption.

9

Effect of burrowing activity of root vole [Microtus oeconomus Pallas] on plant diversity in alpine meadow

100%

Sun P., Zhao X., Zhu W., Xu S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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tom 53

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nr 4

Herbivory and burrowing activity of mammals may influence the species composition and diversity of plant communities. The effect of corridors and holes systems constructed by root vole (Microtus oeconomus Pallas) on the plant species diversity was studied in the habitat of high - mountain meadow (3250 m a.s.l in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China). By using grid method, these disturbances were studied on 16 plots (100 cm × 100 cm) distributed in 4 transects in studied area, in August 2000 and 2001. The disturbance intensity index, D, was calculated as the percent of the ground surface disturbed by voles in the study area. Plant species were identified and counted on the same plots. In total 46 plant species were identified – 39% of this number was considered as sensitive to the vole disturbances as their occurrence and/or abundance decreased along the disturbance intensity. Generally, a significantly negative correlation (r = – 0.911, P < 0.01) between vole aboveground disturbances and plant species diversity (H’) was found. The results suggest that root vole ground disturbances, especially in the form of actively utilized holes and corridors have significantly negative influence on plant species diversity in high-mountain grassland habitat.

10

Effects of osmopriming and Rovral on health and germination of China aster seeds

100%

Dorna H., Tylkowska K., Zhao X.

Phytopathologia Polonica

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2001

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tom 21

11

Behavioural reaction of root vole [Microtus oeconomus Pallas] males of different social ranks to familiar and novel odour of conspecific males

100%

Sun P., Zhao Y., Zhao X., Wang D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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tom 55

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nr 3

In this experiment, we tested the hypothesis that males of root voles (Microtus oeconomus Pallas) of different social ranks display different behavioural strategies. To document behavioural differences between social ranks, we investigated patterns in the behavioural responses to urine cues from familiar and novel individuals in a choice maze. Ten pairs of male voles were effectively used in this experiment. All behaviour was recorded with OBSERVER 5.0. When experiment was finished, video tapes were transformed into digital data. Then all data were analyzed by SPSS. The results showed that the approach latency of subordinates was shorter for familiar odours than novel ones, dominant individuals preferentially entered the strange odourant box, subordinates preferred familiar odours over novel ones, subordinates spent more time visiting familiar odours compared to the novel odours, dominants preferred novel odours to familiar ones, subordinates approached familiar odours more frequently than novel ones and self-groomed more often in the familiar odourant box than in the novel box, and dominant and subordinate individuals showed significantly different countermarking behaviours to familiar and novel odours. In conclusion, the dominants and subordinates displayed different behaviour patterns when faced to familiar and novel conspecific males’ urine cues. The data support our hypothesis that differences in social rank induce differences in behavioural patterns.

12

Local warming about 1.3 degree Celsius in alpine meadow has no effect on root vole [Microtus oeconomus L.] population during winter

100%

Sun P., Zhao X., Klein J. A., Wei W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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tom 53

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nr 1

The influence of air and soil warming on root vole (Microtus oeconomus L.) population was studied in winter period in top open chambers (OTC) (0.8–1.8 m²) warmed by conical fiberglass material and situated in alpine meadow (3250 m) at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. The OTCs were distributed on an area of 30 × 30 m of experimental warming site; another site of the same area was a control one. The root vole population was investigated on two pairs of sites in “low-grazing” and “high-grazing” (by sheep) parts of the meadow; mark-recapture method was used. The winter-season averaged air and soil temperature inside of the chambers were 1.3°C higher than the temperature outside the chambers. The warming in the chambers had no statistically significant effect on root vole numbers, on average body mass of individual, and on average body mass of males and females. In conclusion, as small as 1.3°C warming of soil and air introduced locally and on small (several m²) scale, in the alpine meadow habitat in winter period, has possibly no effect on root vole numbers and biomass.

13

Polymorphisms in exons of the IGFBP-1 gene and their associations with body weight in the Jinghai Yellow chicken

88%

Zhao X., Wang J., Zhang G., Wei Y., Jun L.

Animal Science Papers and Reports

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2013

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tom 31

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nr 1

Thie study aimed at comparing polymorphisms in exons of the IGFBP-1 gene encoding insulinlike growth factor binding protein-1 among three chicken breeds and analysing the associations between its genotypes and body weight traits in the Jinghai Yellow chicken. Three mutations (A2276T, T2359C and T5550C) and one insertion/deletion (the inserted/deleted AAT after position 5692bp) were detected in three chicken breeds. The general linear model analysis showed that the Jinghai Yellow chickens with BB and AB genotypes at the position 2276 (A2276T transversion) had significantly higher body weight than those of AA genotype (P<0.05 or P<0.01) at week 4, 8, and 16 of age. Moreover, BB genotype had significantly higher body weight at week 12 of age than those of AB genotype (P<0.01). The B allele had a positive effect on body weight traits.

14

The abundance of certain metabolites responds to drought stress in the highly drought tolerant plant Caragana korshinskii

88%

Zhang J., Chen G., Zhao P., Zhou Q., Zhao X.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2017

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tom 39

|

nr 05

15

The molecular mechanism of fat accumulation changes in Black-Bone chickens with different energy intakes

88%

Qi R. L., Sun C., Yang H. L., Zhao X., Tao Z.

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences

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2012

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tom 21

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nr 2

To investigate the molecular mechanism by which diets of different energy levels alter fat accumulation, 120 Black-Bone chickens were divided into 3 groups and fed diets with varying energy levels for six weeks (low: 3.02 Mcal/kg, moderate: 3.22 Mcal/kg, high: 3.42 Mcal/kg). The high-energy diet increased the concentration of blood lipids. Furthermore, high-energy intake inhibited the activities of several serum lipases. Histological sections showed over-synthesis of lipids in the livers of chickens fed high-energy diets. Data from western blotting and PCR analyses indicated that key factors for lipogenesis, regulatory transcription factors and fatty acid transporters, were up-regulated, while key factors for lipolysis were down-regulated. Chickens fed low-energy diets showed opposite results. In conclusion, varying energy levels of diets affect fat accumulation in Black-Bone chickens through changed expression of metabolic regulators.

16

Simulating N2O emission from Kobresia humilis Serg. alpine meadow on Tibetan Plateau with the DNDC model

88%

Du Y., Cui X., Cao G., Zhao X., Yang G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 3

Field me asured N2O emissions in two years were used to parameterize and validate a process-based model, DNDC, for an alpine Kobresia humilis meadow on the Tibetan Plateau in China. Although this model failed to capture the N2O fluxes in some time periods in the spring or autumn, the modeled results showed overall a good performance in terms of simulating the seasonal variation of N2O fluxes and quantifying the annual total emissions. The relative deviation on the annual basis was about 12.4% and –15.9% for the two years, respectively. The modeled data showed that nitrification contributed about 53% of total N2O production, slightly higher than denitrification. The modeled fluxes were sensitive to soil organic content (SOC), pH, and temperature, but less sensitive to variation of precipitation, soil ammonium and nitrate contents. Further mo difications for the model were suggested to focus on the process of soil freezing and thawing as well as the crop growth sub-model that would improve the model’s performance for quantifying N2O emission from the alpine meadow.

17

Plant functional trait response to habitat change and grazing in a semiarid grassland: unravelling species turnover and intraspecific variation effects

88%

Zhang J., Zuo X., Lv P., Zhao S., Zhao X.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2019

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tom 67

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nr 1

Plant community assembly is determined by species turnover and intraspecific trait variations (ITV) controlled by environment changes. However, little is known about how species turnover and ITV affect the responses of plant community to habitat changes and grazing disturbance in semiarid grasslands. Here, we measured five functional plant traits in four typical grassland habitats under fencing and grazing disturbance in a semiarid grassland, Northern China, including plant height, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC) and leaf carbon: nitrogen ratio (C:N). We also calculated the community weighted means (CWM) and non-weighted means (CM) of all traits and examined the relative roles of species turnover and ITV in affecting the responses of community traits to habitat changes and grazing disturbance. Our results showed that the CWM and CM values of five functional traits differed with grassland habitat changes. As compared to other grasslands, the Stipa steppe had the higher plant height, the sandy grassland had the higher SLA and lower LDMC, and the meadow had the lower LNC and higher C:N. Grazing decreased plant height across grassland habitats, as well as decreased SLA and increased LDMC in meadow. The responses of all community-level traits to habitat changes were driven by species turnover, while the responses of phenotypic traits (height, SLA and LDMC) to grazing were determined by both species turnover and ITV. So, we argue that ITV should be considered when understanding plant community assembly under grazing disturbance regime in semiarid grasslands.

18

Variations in foliar nutrient resorption efficiency of different plant growth forms in a temperate sandy grassland

88%

Mao W., Li Y., Cui J., Zuo X., Zhao X.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 2

Foliar nutrient resorption is an important strategy which allows leaf nutrients to be reused rather than lost with leaf fall, particularly in nutrient-poor ecosystems where even small nutrient losses can have significantly negative impacts on plant survival, competitive ability, and fitness. However, plants vary greatly in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption among plant growth forms during leaf senescence, which may be vital to understand the role of plant growth forms in ecosystem functioning. Green and senesced leaf N and P concentrations of 39 plant species in sandy grassland (Horqin Sand Land) of northern China were analyzed to detect variations of nutrient resorption efficiency among plant growth forms. The results showed that nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE) ranged from 29% to 74%, with an average (± SD) of 50.3 ± 11.2%, and phosphorus resorption efficiency (PRE) varied among species between 46% and 82%, with a mean (± SD) of 68.4 ± 6.9%, suggesting that nutrient resorption is a vital nutrient conservation strategy in this ecosystem. In addition, NRE and PRE differed significantly among the dominant plant growth forms in this sandy grassland. NRE for N-fixing species and graminoids were significantly lower relative to NRE for shrubs and forbs, but mean PRE of graminoids was significantly higher than those of N fixers, shrubs and forbs. These data give indirect evidence that the differentiation of N and P conservation serve as an important mechanism permitting the co-existence of growth forms in arid systems.

19

MITF and PU.1 inhibit adipogenesis of ovine primary preadipocytes by restraining C/EBPβ

88%

Ruan C., Li X., Hu J., Zhang J., Zhao X.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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2017

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tom 22

20

Systematic studies on the hypotrich ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Muller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) based on integrative analyses: Morphology, morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny

88%

Chen L., Zhao X., El-Serehy H. A., Huang J., Clamp J. C.

Acta Protozoologica

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2017

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tom 56

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nr 4

Ograniczanie wyników

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on the growth and nitrogen concentration of paddy soil and rice plants

Prediction of the distribution of Alpine tree species under climate change scenarios: Larix chinensis in Taibai Mountain (China)

Image fusion for travel time tomography inversion

Secondary metabolites, carbohydrate accumulation, and nutrient uptake in Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem seedlings exposed to shoot cutting and different LED spectra

Opposite-sex sibling recognition in adult root vole, Microtus oeconomus Pallas: phenotype matching or association

Chemical communication in mammal population: urinary olfactory chemosignals in lactating female root voles (Microtus oeconomus Pallas)

Challenge of water sources in urbanizing China: an analysis of agricultural water footprint

Climatic response of Betula ermanii along an altitudinal gradient in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain, China

Effect of burrowing activity of root vole [Microtus oeconomus Pallas] on plant diversity in alpine meadow

Effects of osmopriming and Rovral on health and germination of China aster seeds

Behavioural reaction of root vole [Microtus oeconomus Pallas] males of different social ranks to familiar and novel odour of conspecific males

Local warming about 1.3 degree Celsius in alpine meadow has no effect on root vole [Microtus oeconomus L.] population during winter

Polymorphisms in exons of the IGFBP-1 gene and their associations with body weight in the Jinghai Yellow chicken