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The paper describes an analysis of present problems of wetland protection in Poland. Quantitative and qualitative data on country wetlands has been shown in a synthetic form. Threats to wetlands have been grouped and characterised considering their global, regional and economic aspects. Present status of wetlands in Poland has been described in view of the EU directives and international conventions ratified by Poland. The importance of agricultural and forestry programmes of EU has been exposed underlining the need of their mutual synchronisation. Desired actions to protect and restore wetlands have been listed.
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The summary of 14 papers contained in the present publication dealing with the Upper Narew valley specifies the basic function of each of the valley’s three distinct natural segments together with its key problems and their possible solution. The key requirement for nature protection in the valley segment I (upstream of Suraż) is continuation of spring flooding to sustain breeding birdlife and appropriate moisture levels in soils sensitive to overdrying. This may be achieved using the Siemianówka retention reservoir. In view of its natural and scenic value the valley segment in question should be granted the status of landscape park, its most valuable sites protected as nature reserves. The most serious threat in valley segment II (Suraż to Żółtki) at present incorporated in the Narew Landscape Park is the decreasing moisture level which has resulted in severe reduction in the number of birdlife. A major problem is the overgrowing of disused marshy meadows by shrub vegetation. Until a series of years with spring snowmelt enables a detailed assessment of causes and extent of dehydration in the valley it is necessary to optimize the operation of the Siemianówka retention reservoir with weirs on the Narew river. It is necessary to consider the feasibility of employing local farmers to eliminate invading bushes enabling them to earn compensation for discontinuation of farming in the undrained sections of the valley. In the valley segment III (downstream of Żółtki) it is suggested to intensify grassland production alongside protecting sites of outstanding nature value.
O stanie i kierunkach rozwoju rolnictwa, a tym samym w dużym stopniu o gospodarowaniu zasobami wodnymi na obszarach wiejskich decyduje Wspólna Polityka Rolna. W pracy przedstawiono realizację pakietu poświęconego gospodarowaniu rolniczymi zasobami wodnymi zapisanym w celu poprawy konkurencyjności polskiego rolnictwa. Przedstawiono działania w zakresie ochrony jakości wód przed zanieczyszczeniami rolniczymi.
A substantive introduction to 15 papers contained in the present publication dealing with the valley of the Upper Narew river. The research objective is defined as determining the manner of reconciling requirements of nature protection with economic activity in a marshy valley area. Two principal questions had to be resolved: - how to - mindful of the valley’s diversity of conditions - ensure flooding and the appropriate level of site hydration in the face of a mounting water deficit, training of the river channel in the river’s lower course and dehydration of some valley sections, - how to implement the priority goal - nature conservation - without impeding the development of agriculture of private farm holdings in the valley. The valley’s distinct character is discussed including its primary differentiation into three segments: I - between the state boundary and the town of Suraż - marshland with flowing water, II - between Suraż and the confluence with Supraśl - marshland with standing water, III - between the confluence with Supraśl to the junction with the Biebrza river - marshland with flowing water with local stretches of standing water.
The present study discusses: - hydrogenic soil-forming sites found in the studied valley area distinguished into moistlands, mudlands and peatlands, - types of hydrological feeding of sites, including fluviogenous sites as the prevailing type, as well as soligenous sites, - soils and the ongoing soil processes, distinguishing the following soil types: peaty-gley and mud-gley soils subjected to paludification, paludified peat and mud-peat soils, - post-paludic peat-moorsh soils in the 1st or 2nd stage of the moorsh-forming process, post-paludic mud-moorsh soils, - post-paludic mineral-moorsh, moorshy proper and mineral-moorsh soils. Areas occupied by the above-listed units are described. Soil types are indicated on a map by contours. Results of a survey of soil-site conditions in the studied stretch of the Narew Valley were used in describing its natural and productive status. Emphasis was placed on the valley’s exceptional site diversity associated with the rich micro-relief of its floor. It was concluded that the optimal level of hydration in the valley is the one making it possible to maintain half of the acreage of hydrogenic sites in the phase of accumulation which would help to reconcile nature protection goals with the requirements of agriculture. Also discussed were factors supporting the adverse phenomenon of a gradual dehydration in the valley. Environmental engineering schemes implemented in this section of the Narew valley should be aimed at optimizing and stabilizing the described conditions as well as eliminate factors which assist dehydration.
Programy rolno-środowiskowe w swym założeniu powinny rekompensować rolnikom ewentualne straty wynikające z ograniczeń w produkcji rolnej, ponoszone z uwagi na ochronę walorów przyrodniczych. Przedstawiono realizację pakietów poświęconych ochronie ptaków i cennych siedlisk. Ponad 8,5 tysiąca gospodarstw dysponujących cennymi mokradłami podpisało dobrowolne umowy, godząc się na ograniczenia w użytkowaniu tych obszarów.
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