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Hodowla odmian roslin dla upraw ekologicznych

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Nowadays, the organic farmers use untreated seeds, which are produced under organic farm conditions. However the varieties originating from conventional breeding programmes are not quite suitable for organic production systems. They require high level of agrochemical input for successful growth and high yielding. Therefore, the special breeding programmes should be developed for organic farming. Such breeding programmes have to include new germplasm resources, new selection criteria and approved methods of breeding and reproduction. Farmers should be involved in the breeding process through identification of desirable traits and variety testing in organic farms. Paper presents a review of literature on organic plant breeding.
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Paper presents a literature review concerning conventional methods of seed quality improvement. There are briefly described the methods of seed vigour improvement through breeding and affecting matemal plants. Post-harvest methods were divided into the following groups: selection of most vigorous seeds, methods of sowing facilitation and precision of seed distribution, seed dressing, methods accelerating germination and improving seedlings vigour.
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Paper reviewed recent literature concerning the influence of different physical factors on seeds and plants grown from them. The effects of laser and ultraviolet radiation, visible light, electric and magnetic fields of different frequencies and ionizing radiation were discussed.
Endophytes produce a wide range of compounds with high application potential, mainly in medicine and agriculture. In this study, we test the hypothesis that endophytic bacteria produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), have positive influence on plant root development and are possible to application as plant-growth promoters. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from 3 native growing plant species: Chelidonium majus L., Elymus repens L., Solidago gigantea L. All endophytic strains produced IAA and the highest levels of IAA were observed for Pseudomonas azotoformans P3 strain. Triticale seed bacterization did not affect the seed germination, but had significant influence on root length and the longest roots were obtained after seed treatment with Pseudomonas sp. strains. Triticale roots were longer only in seedlings grown from seeds treated with endophytic strains producing high IAA levels (more than 22 µg ml–1). Our results suggest that endophytic Pseudomonas sp. strains isolated from Elymus repens L. can be used as plant-growth promoter.
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