The present study examined the possibility of increasing the contents of some bioactive compounds of Spirulina platensis cultivated in medium containing various hydrogen peroxide concentrations (2, 4, 6 and 8 mM) as a model for environmental stress. A positive correlation was observed between the increase of H₂O₂ and increasing amounts of cellular lipophilic antioxidants (total carotenoids and α-tocopherol) and hydrophilic antioxidants [glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA)]. HPLC profile of carotenoids revealed that algae responded to the change of H₂O₂ exposure by the accumulation of higher amounts of β-carotene, astaxanthine, luteine, zeaxanthin and cryptoxanthin. S. platensis showed significant linear increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), with increasing H₂O₂ concentrations. A pronounced increase of oxidative lesions’ indexes [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and paramagnetic radical-EPR signal] was found in algal grown at 8 mM H₂O₂. These data revealed that S. platensis behaved with different strategies against H₂O₂ exposure which is dose dependent and their response strongly correlated with the scavenging enzymes (SOD, CAT, PX and APX) and antioxidant compounds (GSH, AsA, β-carotene, astaxanthine and α-tocopherol) in the antioxidant defense systems. Therefore, S. platensis could be considered as good candidates for successful cultivation in artificial open ponds under different environmental conditions, as high value health foods, functional foods and as source of wide spectrum of nutrients.
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