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An organic-mineral fertilizer obtained from brown coal, the Rekulter when applied to polluted soil increased the content of the total organic carbon and pHKCl. The content of Cd and Zn soluble in 1M HCl were approximately 80% and for Ni and Pb were about 90% of the total content. The content of soluble Zn, Pb, Cd and Ni in 0.01 CaCl2 decreased when the application rate of the Rekulter was increased. The Rekulter reduced the content of cadmium soluble in 0.01 CaCl2 on average by 62% and nickel by 81% compared to pots not fertilized with this preparation. In the case of lead the decrease was about 2% and for zinc, about 35%.
The development of pig reproductive biotechnology has made it possible to use this species not only as farm animals but also as important models in biomedical research. Systems based on pig embryos from in vitro fertilization (IVF) are used much more frequently, although the quality of these embryos differs from those produced by in vivo fertilization. The most frequent problems in the IVF procedure are disturbances in both nuclear and cytoplasmic oocyte maturation, and the mechanism of polyspermy specific for this species. Although there has been progress in increasing the number of oocytes produced by in vitro maturation processes, the quality of embryos from these oocytes and their developmental competence is still unsatisfactory. It has been suggested that the most important factor in this process is the establishment of optimal conditions for the development and maturation of oocytes. In this review the authors attempt to explain the molecular basis of oocyte maturation, meiosis resumption, and meiotic spindle assembly. The article is also an opportunity to use the knowledge gained to date in order to increase the efficiency of animal breeding, to evaluate the genetic value of oocytes, as well as to improve assisted reproductive techniques (ART).
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