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The fish larvae rearing method in illuminated cages was originally dedicated to the coregonid spp. Its technical variants are currently applied in rearing other fish species. This method is based on the attraction of zooplankton by a light source placed inside a fish cage. Zooplankton is the sole or main food source for the fish inside such a cage, therefore an effective means of attracting the plankton is critical to effective fish rearing. The aim of this paper is to assess the influence of above-water illumination in the zooplankton abundance in lake-based fish rearing cages. The experiment was conducted in eutrophic Lake Maróz (Northeastern Poland). Observations were conducted starting at dusk in lit (24V, 60W electric bulb located just above the water surface) and unlit cages. The above-water illumination significantly increases the abundance of the Cladocera and adult Copepoda forms inside the cage. At the same time, a significantly reduced attraction to visible light was noted for the juvenile Copepoda and Rotifera forms. Overall, the above-water illumination is an effective method. The level of zooplankton density and its overall abundance might be dependent on the zooplankton’s qualitative structure.
The study was conducted based on data from lake management books. Pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), was present at various time intervals in 619 lakes in northeastern Poland that covered a total area of 116.2 thousand ha. Based on the frequency of occurrence of this fish species in commercial catches, three categories of habitats were distinguished. The morphologic and morphometric parameters of these three categories of lakes were compared. For each category, the dynamics of temporal changes was characterized in the lakes in which pikeperch lived, and the trend lines of these changes were plotted. An increase in the number of habitats of this predatory fish species appeared in 1951-1965 and was directly connected with its natural migration. The range of fish stocking measures and the time when they began were determined for the three categories of lakes analyzed.
After World War Two, the breeding of horses for reproduction in the Province of Olsztyn grew on what had remained from the East Prussian infrastructure. The first State Stallion Stud was opened (on the initiative of the State Horse Rearing Stations) in Ketrzyn as late as in 1947, and the delay was due to the extensive war damage and the slow process of building of the Polish administration. The catchment area served by that stud covered nearly half of the province. Four years later, in response to the progressing post-war reconstruction, intensive growth of state-owned farms and farmers’ cooperatives, another stallion stud was created in Braniewo. The formation of both studs was greatly aided by the State Stallion Stud in Kwidzyn. Horses from the two studs in the Province of Olsztyn were used for work in farming, for transport as well as for recreation and sports horse riding. Some of the horses could also be seen in historical films. However, the technological progress in farming gradually depreciated the role of horses, which led to a decline in horse breeding. After a few decades, it caused the collapse of the State Stallion Studs in Warmia and Mazury.
The analyses were based on commercial fisheries records of catches and stocking in lakes in northeastern Poland. The authors described the lake size structure in three categories of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), habitats determined by the frequency of occurrence of this species in commercial catches. In each of the five lake size classes, the moment pikeperch individuals appeared was pinpointed in light of stocking programs. Differences in the value of pikeperch exploitation parameters were determined in the three habitat types, and the level of variation was examined in stocked and unstocked lakes. Trend lines of pikeperch exploitation in the 1951-1994 period were plotted for these groups of lakes. The importance of pikeperch stocking for the occurrence of this species in new habitats declined as the size of the studied lakes increased.
Long-term studies on catches from 757 lakes in northeastern Poland served to analyse fishery exploitation parameters available from the records in lakes books. Yield (kg.ha-1), annual frequency of exploitation and relative catch (kg.ha-1.month-1) were analysed in five size classes of lakes, together with the relations occurring between these parameters. Linear correlation was determined between yield versus the number of months of exploitation when the catches were made and relative catch. The latter parameter was characterised by a slightly smaller variability of real values and consequently by a higher concentration along the adjusted trend line compared to the catch per lake area unit.
The study was completed on the basis of the results of commercial fish catches from lakes in Northeastern Poland. The number and status of the pikeperch lake habitats were determined in 14 river basins in this part of Poland, as recorded in 1951-1994. The river basins differed in the potential of the lakes inhabited by this predatory fish. The highest percentage of such lakes relative to all lakes larger than 10 ha was found in the river basins of the Liwa, Pasłęka and Osa. The status and distribution of pikeperch habitats were established at the beginning and in the final years of the time period analyzed. The total increase in the number of lakes settled by pikeperch was 209, with the aggregate area of pikeperch habitats rising by 41 365 ha. The dispersion of pikeperch was not connected directly with the fish stocking carried out during that time. In the Ełk and Pisa river basins, over 90% of new pikeperch habitats appeared owing to natural migration of this fish species.
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