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In this paper I studied the occurrence and distribution of zoosporic true fungi (Blastocladiomycota) and heterotrophic straminipiles (Hyphochytriomycota and Oomycota) from the water of three springs of the Biała River (Sobolewo, Dojlidy Górne, and Kurjany springs) in the vicinity of Białystok. Twenty-one species of zoosporic true fungi and heterotrophic straminipiles belonging to 10 genera of the orders Blastocladiales, Hyphochytriales, Pythiales, and Saprolegniales were isolated using hemp seeds and snake skin as baits. The most commonly encountered species were: Achlya apiculata, Aphanomyces laevis, Catenophlyctis variabilis, Dictyuchus monosporus, Pythium debaryanyum, and Saprolegnia ferax. The highest species richness (S), the largest, and relative frequency (RF) were noted from springs Dojlidy Górne (S=16, RF=76.19%) and Kurjany (S=13, RF=61.90%), whereas the lowest richness and frequency were obtained from Sobolewo (S=9, RF=42.85%).
Gas chromatography was used to determine lindan and methoxychloride residues in the muscle, brain and liver of selected fish species caught in Popielewo pond in Białystok province. The fish (Carassius carassius L, Cyprinus carpio L, Leucaspius delineatus Heckel) were exposed to an effective concentration of 0,5 ppm Gamametox Powder in water for 30 days. The experiment showed that the highest accumulation of lindan and methoxychlor was in the brain. In the brain of Cyprinus carpio the level was up to 2.41 ppm lindan. The level methoxychlor in livers was similar to the level of this pesticide in the brain, while the level of lindan in livers was considerably the lowest The lowest residues of lindan and methoxychlor accumulation were observed in muscle, where the levels were up to 0.0149 and 0.0351 ppm (Leucaspius delineatus and Cyprinus carpio). Organochlorine pesticide was detected in samples offish from Popielewo pond (control group), but this level was very low. Therefore, it is suggested that the natural environment (Popielewo pond) also contains low concentrations of organochlorine.
The author investigated aquatic fungi developing on the seeds of some plants in various types of water bodies of Podlasie Province. The bait method was used to isolate the fungi. Seventy-four aquatic fungal species were found on seeds of three species of plants: Cannabis sativa hemp-seeds 59, Fagopyrum esculentum buckwheat-seeds 55 and on Vicia sativa vetch-seeds 44 in water of four various bodies. The mould species belonged to Blastocladiales (5), Chytridiales (6), Monoblepharidales (1), Hyphochytriales (1), Lagenidiales (5), Leptomitales (4), Peronosporales (14), Saprolegniales (37) and Plasmodiophorales (1). The most common were Achlya americana, Achlya polyandra, Aphanomyces laevis, Pythium rostratum, Saprolegnia ferax and Saprolegnia parasitica. The following phytopathogens were determined: Achlya racemosa, Phytophthora infestans, Pythium butleri, Pythium debaryanum and Pythium myriotylum.
The occurrence and growth of aquatic zoosporic microorganisms on the tick Dermacentor reticulatus F. were investigated in laboratory conditions. Water samples were collected from sites of the Narewka River and natural ponds in Białowieża National Park. Some physico-chemical parameters were analyzed as well. The highest contents of ammonium nitrogen and phosphates were found in the water of the Narewka River. Forty-six species of zoosporic microorganisms were isolated from Dermacentor reticulatus F. ticks, including 8 of the Chytridiomycetes class, 1 of Plasmodiophoromycetes, 35 of Peronosporomycetes and 2 Zygomycetes. The highest number of species was identified in ponds situated in the village of Białowieża (30), the lowest (22) in the Narewka River outside the village. The most common aquatic Peronosporomycetes included Achlya americana, Ac. prolifera, Aphanomyces laevis, Ap. irregularis, Dictyuchus monosporus and Saprolegnia ferax, found on the fragments of most ticks in the river and pond water. Cluster analysis of the investigated parameters revealed that the environmental factors determining the number of aquatic zoosporic microorganisms was oxidability in the Narewka River, and nitrate and nitrite in the ponds of Białowieża village.
Water fungi and fungus-like organisms as a biological factor of ecological water systems have significant influence on the environment and its modification. They decompose necrosis substrates found in water bodies. Fungi also can act as facultative parasites and then frequently occur on their hosts. The main aim of the present study is to investigate which of the fungi and straminipiles can grow on the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica in the River Narewka and in natural ponds of Białowieża village. In order to isolate fungi and fungus-like organisms, fragments of adults and eggs from liver flukes were introduced as bait into samples from each water body. The occurrence and growth of aquatic fungi and fungus-like organisms on Fasciola hepatica was investigated in laboratory conditions. The liver fluke F. hepatica used in this study was collected from free-living European bisons, Bison bonasus, which were killed in Białowieża Primeval Forest. The adult liver fluke F. hepatica turned into the habitat for seventeen species of fungi and straminipiles. They were Achlya polyandra, A. prolifera, Apodachlya brachynema, Aphanomyces laevis, Ap. irregularis, Catenaria anguillulae, Dictyuchus monosporus, Leptolegnia caudata, Leptomitus lacteus, Pythium debaryanum, Sirolpidium zoophtorum, Saprolegnia diclina, S. glomerata, S. hypogyna, S. monoica, S. ferax and S. parasitica. Six fungal species such as Achlya prolifera, Aphanomyces irregularis, Myzocytium zoophthorum, Catenaria anguillulae, Saprolegnia ferax and S. parasitica were found on F. hepatica eggs. The majority of fungi which were marked on F. hepatica were animal parasites or necrotrophs (13).
The aim of work was settlement of occurrence of pathogenic fungus Trichosporon cutaneum in diverse ecological environments. Object to investigations farmer river Węgorapa, Supraśl, lakes of complex Mamry and Sejny group, of cultivation ponds in Popielewo and in Poryte Jabłoń a few springs of city Białystok. In investigations one used method of baits to isolated water fungus. Quality of waters determined by physico-chemistry methods. One fixed, that pathogcnic fungus Trichosporon cutaneum stepped out in waters north-east evn Poland on all investigated sites. It was developed in both strong poluted water of lakes and ponds also in good oxygened waters and springs it was too.
The content of DDT and its metabolites (p,p’-DDD and p,p’-DDE) was determined in the muscles, liver and brain of crucian carp (Carassius carassius L.), carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), pike (Essox lucius L.) and sunbleak (Leucaspius delineatus Haeckel) collected from breeding ponds in Knyszyn, Podlasie province. Two-stage column chromatography with Celit 545 and Florisil was used to extract DDT and its metabolites. Measurements were performed using a gas chromatograph, PYE Unicam 104 type, with an electron capture detector. Relatively low concentrations of polychlorine pesticides (including trace amounts) were found. The highest mean concentrations of DDTs were detected in the brain and liver (1.1650 and 0.5469 mg kg⁻¹ of tissue, respectively). In the muscles, the concentration was substantially lower ( 0.0530 mg kg⁻¹ of tissue).
The study was carried out on the alga Chlorella vulgaris and young specimens of crucian carp Carassius carassius. The algae and fish were exposed to a pesticide gamametox powder containing 0.6% of lindane and 3% of methoxychlor. Gas chromatography method was used to determine the content of these two active substances in the material. Based on the mean lindane and methoxychlor contents it was revealed that they were bioaccumulated at different levels of the trophic chain. Their accumulation was higher in fish than in algae, which were the source of their food. Their concentration in the muscles of crucian carp was higher when absorbed from food (i.e. Chlorella vulgaris cells), than directly from water. A similar situation was observed in relation to lindane content in the liver. In the brain, however, the concentration of both pesticides was diversioned or similar. The highest concentrations were revealed in the brain of crucian carp, slightly lower in the liver and the lowest in the muscles, i.e. edible parts of fish, irrespective of the way of absorption.
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