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The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites using plants is a promising alternative to current methodologies. In this study, small-scale wetlands were constructed to search for new plant species that are suitable and hold potential for phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated wastewater originating from an electroplating plant. Ten macrophyte species [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin., Typha orientalis Presl, Lythrum salicaria Linn., Arundo donax Linn. var. versicolor Stokes, Typha minima Funk, Juncus effusus L., Pontederia cordata L., Cyperus alternifolius Linn. subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.) Ku¨kenth., Acorus calamus Linn., and Iris pseudacorus Linn.] were investigated and compared for their shapes, biomass, roots, and ability to accumulate heavy metals. Acorus calamus Linn., T. orientalis Presl, P. australis (Cav.) Trin., T. minima Funk, and L. salicaria Linn. exhibited the highest levels of metal tolerance, whereas P. cordata L., I. pseudacorus Linn., and C. alternifolius Linn. subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.) Ku¨kenth. had the lowest. Some plants accumulated higher concentrations of metals in the tissues compared with other species such as T. minima Funk, P. australis (Cav.) Trin., L. salicaria Linn., A. donax Linn. var. versicolor Stokes, P. cordata L., and A. calamus Linn., whereas T. orientalis Presl and C. alternifolius Linn. subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.) Ku¨kenth. had poor capacity to accumulate heavy metals. The results showed that, of the 10 species, P. australis (Cav.) Trin., A. calamus Linn., T. minima Funk, and L. salicaria Linn. are the most suitable and promising plant materials for phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated wastewater.
In order to investigate the effects of climate factors on the tree-ring width of Quercus acutissima in the rocky mountain area of northern China, correlation analysis and response function analysis were used to determine the relationship between the tree-ring width of Quercus acutissima and climate factors. The results showed that: 1. The residual (RES) chronology of the Quercus acutissima forest contained richer environmental information than standard (STD) chronology and was suitable for response analysis. 2. Tree-ring width had a general positive correlation with the average monthly temperature, a significantly positive correlation (P<0.05) with the April temperature, and a highly significantly positive correlation (P<0.01) with the May temperature of the current year. Tree-ring width had a positive correlation with precipitation from March to June in the current year, especially a significantly positive (P<0.05) correlation with May and June precipitation, and a negative correlation with precipitation from September of the previous year to February of the current year; however, the correlation coefficients with precipitation were basically lower than the coefficients with temperature basically 3. Temperature and humidity index were the main climate factors that influenced the tree-ring width of Quercus acutissima, followed by precipitation.
Enoyl coenzyme A hydratase short chain 1 (ECHS1) is an important part of the mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. Altered ECHS1 expression has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation. This study assessed ECHS1 expression in human gastric cancer cell lines and investigated the effects of ECHS1 knockdown on gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration. The human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901, BGC-823 and MKN-28, and the immortalized human gastric epithelial mucosa GES-1 cell line were analyzed for ECHS1 protein levels using western blot. The effectiveness of ECHS1-RNA interference was also determined using western blot. Proliferation and migration of the siECHS1 cells were respectively measured with the CCK-8 and transwell assays. Phosphorylation of PKB and GSK3β was assessed using western blot. ECHS1 protein levels were significantly higher in poorly differentiated cells than in well-differentiated cells and immortalized gastric epithelial mucosa cells. Stable expression of ECHS1 shRNA was associated with an over 41% reduction in the ECHS1 protein levels of siECHS1 cells. Constitutive knockdown of the ECHS1 gene in siECHS1 cells was associated with significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration. We also observed decreased levels of PKB and GSK3β phosphorylation in siECHS1 cells. ECHS1 expression is increased in human gastric cancer cells. Increased ECHS1 expression activates PKB and GSK3β by inducing the phosphorylation of the two kinases. ECHS1 may play important roles in gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration through PKB- and GSK3β-related signaling pathways.
Climate change and human activities influence runoff and sediment load in an integrated way. However, under similar climate conditions the variability in runoff and sediment load is mainly a result of human activities. In this study, the change trends of runoff and sediment load were detected with linear regression analysis for the Beiluo River on the Loess Plateau, China. The impact of human activities on runoff and sediment was examined under similar weather conditions based on continuous monthly data of climate and runoff and sediment load from 1958 to 2012 at the Zhuangtou Hydrological Station. The results showed that: 1) Annual runoff and sediment load varied greatly and declined significantly in the study period, but precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (ET0) estimated by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Penman-Monteith Method had no significant trend. 2) The paired periods with similar precipitation and ET0 were selected if they had similar annual amounts (less than 2%) and similar changing process controlled by monthly data (P<0.05). It has been demonstrated that the decreases of runoff and sediment load were mostly (60%, 70%, 75%) induced by human activities within the paired periods. 3) Evidence on the impact of human activities on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) change and sediment reduced by soil and water conservation practices could explain the runoff and sediment load change in this basin. The data indicated that approximately 46 Mt of sediment was deposited annually from 1960-99 as a result of soil and water conservation structures
In this study, we describe a method for discriminating pathogenic bacteria with a dye. First, we determined that among several colours tested, the sunset yellow pigment easily coloured Escherichia coli bacteria yellow. Next, we demonstrated that E. coli O157:H7, Shigella flexneri O301, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis could all be well marked by sunset yellow pigment. Finally, we performed bacterial viability assays and found there was no effect on bacterial growth when in co-culture with sunset yellow. Our results suggest that sunset yellow is suitable pigment to dye microorganisms.
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