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1

Expression and regulation of a pear polygalacturonase inhibitor protein gene (PpPGIP1) during fruit development, under salicylic acid treatment, and in diseased fruit

100%
Shi H.-Y., Zhang Y.-X., Chen L.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2013
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tom 35
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nr 11
To elucidate the roles of genes during fruit development, a fruit-predominant cDNA (designated PpPGIP1) encoding a polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (PGIP) was isolated from a pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai. cv. Whangkeumbae) fruit cDNA library. The PpPGIP1 gene shares high sequence homology at the nucleotide level in the coding region and at the amino acid level with other plant PGIP genes. Subsequently, the corresponding PpPGIP1 gene was isolated from pear genomic DNA. Real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed that PpPGIP1 transcripts were functionally accumulated during the developing fruit of pear. The PpPGIP1 expression signals were detected at relatively low level in early stage of pear fruit development (30–140 days after full bloom). With the fruit ripening, softening and senescence, the expression of PpPGIP1 gene increased to a relative high level in 150–180 days after full bloom fruit. In addition, PpPGIP1 gene was dramatically up-regulated in 180 days after full bloom diseased fruit and by 0.2 mM salicylic acid (SA) treatment for 12 h in 150 days after full bloom fruit. These results suggested that PpPGIP1 might play an important role in response to disease resistance and SA during fruit development of pear.
2

Expression of BMP-2 and BMP-4 proteins by type-1 and type-2 astrocytes induced from neural stem cells under different differentiation conditions

76%
Hu J.-G., Zhang Y.-X., Qi Q., Shen L., Xi J., Lu H.-Z.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2012
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tom 72
|
nr 1
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a subgroup of the TGF-P superfamily, play critical roles in neural progenitor cell fate determination. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes under certain conditions. In our recent report, using an antibody that can recognize both BMP-2 and BMP-4 (BMP-2/4), we showed that BMP-2/4 is only expressed in astrocytes differentiated from NSCs in a medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS). In this in vitro model, the astrocytic differentiation of NSCs was mainly toward type-2. When NSCs were cultured in a medium containing 10% FBS, most of the cells differentiated into type-1 astrocytes. However, little information is available for BMP-2 and BMP-4 expression in type-1 and type-2 astrocytes induced from NSCs under these different culture conditions. In this study, using two antibodies specific for BMP-2 and BMP-4, respectively, we discriminated the presence of BMP-2 and BMP-4 in NSCs and their derivatives under 1% and 10% FBS culture conditions by RT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. We found that BMP-2 and BMP-4 are highly expressed in both type-1 and type-2 astrocytes, and no detectable expression in NSCs, neurons and oligodendrocytes. This suggests that the astrocytes might be one source of BMPs during the differentiation of NSCs. However, in our model, we cannot exclude the possibility that microglia or endothelial cells could also be a source of BMPs.
3

A new approach to location of the dentate gyrus and perforant path in rats/mice by landmarks on the skull

76%
Huang Y., Yang S., Hu Z.-Y., Liu G., Zhou W.-X., Zhang Y.-X.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2012
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tom 72
|
nr 4
The hippocampus has important roles in learning and memory. Many in vivo experiments require accurate location of a certain region of the hippocampus, long-term potentiation (LTP) recording being one of them. In vitro and in vivo studies can be used to measure LTP in the hippocampus. It is more difficult in vivo to locate the specific brain region than in vitro. Location of the dentate gyrus (DG) and perforant path (PP) is usually achieved using brain stereotaxic atlasses. Because the data in the atlasses were obtained from a particular rat/mouse strain (Rat: adult Wistar, 290 g; Mouse: adult C57BL/J6, 26-30 g), the data in atlases could not be easily applied in all the different other strains of these species. We describe a method that uses landmarks on the skull to locate these structures in both species, which has been successfully applied in BALB/c mice, KM mice, SAMP8, SAMR1 and Wistar rats; making it a reliable and useful means of locating the DG and PP.
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