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Applied protection methods modified the yield, the structure of horse radish root fraction and leaf infection by Albugo candida, Alternaria spp. and Pyrenopeziza brassicae. In comparison with biological protection, chemical protection gave better yield forming effects. The value of the total yield of horse radish roots per hectare was on average higher by 1.23 t and the marketable yield by 1.24 t. Among the observed fungal diseases, blackleg (Phoma lingam) was the most intensified on horse radish leaves. Its average occurrence was 67.8% of plants at an average infection rate on the level of 5.6. During all vegetation seasons chemical protection proved to be more efficient in limiting horse radish leaves infection by Alternaria spp. and A. candida, whereas biological preparations produced a better effect in light leaf spot control.
Over 1998-2000 field experiments were carried out to define the effect of various organic fertilisers and the tillage methods on the content of nitrogen in soil and yielding and the quality of ‘Ibis’ potato tubers. The research showed that fertilising the potato with manure or white mustard stubble intercrop enhanced the tuber yield and decreased their accumulation of nitrate nitrogen. Manure as compared with other fertilisers tested ensures also the best health status of tubers after harvest and after storage. However barley straw facilitates nitrate nitrogen liberation and its increase in tubers and deteriorates their storage life, causing an increase in rots. On the other hand, ploughless tillage (with cultivator) decreases the yield and causes tuber infection with common scab, increasing the nitrates in topsoil and in potato tubers and total losses after storage.
The effect of fennel and coriander intercropping with broad bean (Vicia faba L.), cv. White Hangdown on the degree of leaf and nodule damage caused by Sitona was studied in 2009–2010. The degree of damage caused by Sitona beetles to broad bean leaves was much higher in 2009. No significant influence of intercropping with fennel or coriander on the percentage of leaves damaged by the beetles was recorded. In 2009 broad bean intercropping with the above mentioned herbs favoured Sitona feeding in the initial period of plant development, since larger consumed areas were observed and consequently a higher loss of leaf blade. On the other hand, in 2010 greater injuries to nodules caused by Sitona larvae was recorded in broad bean intercropped with fennel or coriander.
175 fungal colonies were identified among broad bean seeds from the objects where Vitavax 200 FS was applied pre-sowing, whereas their number was over twice higher on the plots protected with Polyversum preparation (381). Mycological analysis showed that irrespective of applied seed dressing, among pathogenic organisms 278 colonies were formed by eight fungi species of Fusarium genus. The chemical preparation favoured colonizing broad bean seeds by pathogenic fungal species, and their share constituted 79.98% of the isolated organisms population. On the other hand on broad bean seeds from the objects protected by Polyversum the presence of pathogenic fungi was on the level of 62.40%.
The intensity of stem base diseases on two broad bean cultivars: White Windsor and White Hangdown, protected during vegetation with biological and chemical preparations, was assessed in the paper. Each year the analysed broad bean cultivars revealed a similar level of susceptibility to Ascochyta fabae f. sp. fabae and Fusarium spp. On the other hand, the White Windsor cultivar was more resistant to Botrytis fabae. On the basis of the conducted research it was impossible to determine unanimously the efficiency of applied protection methods in reducing the intensity of fungal diseases on broad bean stems. Generally, in 2011, characterized by optimal rainfall amount, the effect of applied, chemical preparations, was better. In the combinations with applied plant protection chemicals a significantly lower intensity of brown spot (B. fabae) was registered on the stems of analysed broad bean cultivars. On the other hand, the biopreparations best protected White Windsor broad bean against the stems Fusarium disease in the year with hearty rainfall.
On the basis of conducted experiments no significant diversification was stated in the degree of seed injuries caused by Bruchus rufimanus in the alternating cultivation with fennel, coriander as compared to the control (pure culture). Mycological analysis revealed a similarity of both the number and species composition of fungi colonizing broad bean seeds from coordinate cultivation. A total number of identified fungal colonies in these combinations were on the level of 378–398, whereas 199 were revealed in seeds from pure culture. In the population of fungi colonizing injured seeds a majority (57–67%) belonged to saprophytic species, such as: Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., Aspergillus spp. On the other hand, mainly parasitic fungi, such as Fusarium spp., Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were isolated from the uninjured seeds.
The investigations were conducted to determine the effect of broad bean protection using non-chemical products (Polyversum WP, Bioczos BR and Biosept 33 SL) on degree of seed damages caused by Bruchus rufimanus Boh. and energy and capacity of seed germination. The obtained results were compared with the standard method of plant control with artificially synthesised plant protections products (Vitavax 200 FS, Decis 2,5 EC, Fastac 100 EC and Penncozeb 80 WP). Protection method with using non-chemical products did not significantly impact the degree of damage by B. rufimanus. Seeds collected from plants protected only with Polyversum WP and Vitavax 200 FS had a higher germination energy than unprotected plants. However, analyzed means of protecting beans did not affect the germination capacity of seeds and most of the morphological features of germinating seedlings.
The investigations were conducted to compare the effect of broad bean protection using non-chemic preparations (Polyversum and Bioczos BR – prepared on the basis of garlic extract) and artificially synthesised preparations (Vitavax 200 FS, Decis 2,5 EC and Fastac 100 EC) on harmfulness of Sitona beetles and larvae. Chemical protection proved to be far more efficient in limiting harmfulness of Sitona beetles than protection with Bioczos BR preparation. However, three-time application of this preparation revealed a significant decrease in the percent of injured leaves. Fourtime application decreased both feeding area caused by the beetles and the loss of leaf blade. The applied broad bean protection did not affect significantly the degree of verruca injury by Sitona larvae.
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