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First report of Pythium aphanidermatum infecting tomato in Egypt and its control using biogenic silver nanoparticles

100%

Elshahawy I., Abouelnasr H. M., Lashin S. M., Darwesh O. M.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

2018

tom 58

nr 2

In August 2016, tomato plants grown during a hot, wet summer with heavy soil flooding, displaying symptoms of wilting, dead plant, root rot with crown and stem rot, at Beni Suef and Fayoum governorates were examined. A number of 16 fungal isolates were isolated from tomato plants displaying the above symptoms. These isolates were classified as belonging to six species, namely: Alternaria solani, Chaetomium globosum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani. Isolates of Pythium spp. were prevalent and were found to be more pathogenic than the other fungal isolates. This species causes damping-off, root rot, sudden death, stem rot and fruit rot. The pathogen was identified as Pythium aphanidermatum based on morphological, cultural, and molecular characteristics. Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced using the F. oxysporum strain and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The size of these spherical particles ranged from 10 to 30 nm. In vitro, biogenic AgNPs showed antifungal activity against P. aphanidermatum. In greenhouse and field experiments, AgNPs treatment significantly reduced the incidence of dead tomato plants due to root rot caused by P. aphanidermatum compared to the control. All of the investigated treatments were effective and the treatment of root dipping plus soil drenching was the most effective. To the best of our knowledge, this study describes P. aphanidermatum on tomato in Egypt for the first time. Also, biogenic AgNPs could be used for controlling root rot disease caused by this pathogen.

Essential oils and Trichoderma harzianum as an integrated control measure against faba bean root rot pathogens

100%

Abdel-Kader M. M., El-Mougy N. S., Lashin S. M.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

2011

tom 51

nr 3

Carnation, caraway, thyme, peppermint and geranium essential oils have been found to have inhibitory effects against the mycelial growth of Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii and Macrophomina phaseolina under in vitro conditions. Complete inhibition of fungal growth was observed with the use of 4% carnation and geranium oils. Mycelial growth of the tested fungi showed more sensitivity to high concentrations of thyme than to caraway and peppermint oils. Moreover, essential oils used to coat seeds resulted in a significant reduction of root rot incidence of bean, at both pre- and post-emergence stages under greenhouse conditions. Under field conditions seeds coated with essential oils at a concentration of 4% sown in soil treated with the bio-agent Trihoderma harzianum, gave pronounced protection to emerged bean seeds against the invasion of root rot pathogenic fungi. Compared to the control, the above treatment resulted in a reduction of disease incidence at the pre-emergence stage. This reduction was calculated to be between 47.3 and 55.4% compared with a 16.1% reduction with the use of the Rizolex-T treatment. At the post-emergence stage, all applied treatments were able to reduce the percentage of root-rot incidence. Reduction ranged between 41.4 and 47.1% over the untreated control. Reduction in disease incidence was reflected in a yield increase of 15.1-28.8% and 40.1-50%, in seeds coated with one of the different essential oils, or combined with T. harzianum soil treatments, in the respective order. Seeds coated with the fungicide Rhizolex-T caused a yield increase estimated as 11.3% over the check treatment. These results show that application of essential oils in integration with the bio-agent T. harzianum may be considered as an applicable, safe and cost-effective method for controlling such soilborne diseases.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Journal of Plant Protection Research

2 Lashin S. M.

1 Abdel-Kader M. M.

1 Abouelnasr H. M.

1 Darwesh O. M.

1 El-Mougy N. S.

1 Elshahawy I.

1 2018

1 2011

Wyniki wyszukiwania

First report of Pythium aphanidermatum infecting tomato in Egypt and its control using biogenic silver nanoparticles

Essential oils and Trichoderma harzianum as an integrated control measure against faba bean root rot pathogens