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1

Unvarying diet of a Neotropical desert marsupial inhabiting a variable environment: the case of Thylamys pallidior

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Albanese S., Dacar M. A., Ojeda R. A.
Acta Theriologica
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2012
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tom 57
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nr 2
Studies on the diet and other aspects of the natural history of Neotropical marsupials have focused mainly on a few species from tropical and forest habitats. Research on desert marsupials, on the other hand, is almost absent outside Australia. The desert mouse opossum, Thylamys pallidior, is a small marsupial which inhabits the arid lands of Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru. In Argentina, it occurs in the Monte desert, a highly seasonal system with a heterogeneous landscape which affords a good opportunity to perform comparisons among different environmental situations. We analyzed fecal samples from 123 individuals and compared their diet among different seasons, habitat types, sexes, and ages. The diet of T. pallidior was composed of 68.7% of arthropods and 31.3% of plant material, mainly leaves (24.6%). We found no significant differences in the proportions of any main food category consumed for any of the factors analyzed. Consumption of both plant and animal material seems to be important in the diet of T. pallidior which manages to keep their proportions constant despite the strong variability and seasonality of the habitat. Contrary to most didelphid species, but similarly to most mammals of this area, leaves seem to represent an important source of food possibly because of their abundance and stability in the Monte desert. This represents the first study to focus on the diet of a Thylamys species inhabiting an arid environment.
2

Geographic and seasonal variability in feeding behaviour of a small herbivorous rodent

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Sassi P. L., Borghi C. E., Dacar M. A., Bozinovic F.
Acta Theriologica
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2011
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tom 56
|
nr 1
Foraging strategies have traditionally been modelled as a result of food selection in response to one factor, as for instance resource availability, deterrent compounds or nutrients. Thus, a trade-off is assumed between plasticity (generalist strategy) and efficiency (specialist strategy). Nevertheless, several studies have demonstrated that animals cope behaviourally with food supply variation. For instance, desert-dwelling rodents partially compensate for nutritional bottlenecks through diet selection. The aim of our study was to test how foraging behaviour matches spatial and temporal variations in the trophic environment and how modelling hypotheses help us to understand the resultant foraging strategy. Our animal study model was the small cavy Microcavia australis, a widely distributed herbivorous rodent. Fieldwork was carried out in four places, in wet and dry seasons. We found significant differences in plant cover, plant diversity and niche breadth, and diet selection revealed a complex foraging strategy. M. australis shows a behavioural repertoire that exceeds single-criterion categories; therefore, we appeal to theoretical models that consider ecological and physiological perspectives. We classified the small cavy as a facultative specialist displaying a thoroughly opportunistic strategy based on the plasticity of the behavioural phenotype. We finally discuss the evolutionary relevance of our results and propose further investigation avenues.
3

Seasonal variation in feeding habits and diet selection by wild boars in a semi-arid environment of Argentina

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Cuevas M. F., Ojeda R. A., Dacar M. A., Jaksic F. M.
Acta Theriologica
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2013
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tom 58
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nr 1
The wild boar, Sus scrofa, was first introduced for hunting purposes in Argentina in 1906 and presently occupies a wide range of habitats. Understanding the food habits of invasive species is important for predicting the effects of animal food consumption on the environment and on human activities, such as farming. The wild boar is an omnivorous, opportunistic species whose diet is determined by the relative abundance of different types of foods. In general, the wild boar’s diet has been widely studied in the world, both as a native and invasive species, but little is known regarding food resource selection in the Monte Desert biome. Our study assessed the seasonal variation in the diet of wild boars, as well as the nutritional quality of consumed items. Further, we determined the diet selection of this species. Diet analyses were based on faecal samples collected over two seasons (wet and dry) in 1 year. Herbs were the most frequently consumed food item, with wild boars showing a selection for them in both seasons. The wild boar uses food resources according to seasonal availability (larger trophic niche breadth under higher plant diversity, as in the wet season). In turn, within each season, it selects items of high forage quality and high carbohydrate contents. In conclusion, this foraging strategy enables wild boar to maximize energy budget through food selection in order to survive in a semi-arid environment such as the Monte Desert.
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