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Sixty four patients who had passed the acute phase of trichinellosis 3, 4, 5 and 8 months and 1, 2 and 4 years earlier, have been examined with respect to their clinical condition, persistence of possible subjective complaints which could be associated with the acute phase passed, leucocytosis, absolute number of acidophilic granulocytes in blood, indices of immunological response, both humoral (IgG, IgA and IgM) and cellular (percentage of T and B lymphocytes in blood), serotonine level in blood, monoaminooxidase activity in blood serum and passive hemaglutination reaction with trichinellosis antigen. It has been found that the frequency of occurrence and intensity of subjective complaints decreases with time. Changes in humoral and cellular reactivity, and long-lasting persistence of antibodies against the trichinellosis antigen, determined with passive hemaglutination method, have been also observed in particular patients.
Frequent failures in the treatment of human and animal infections with antibiotics give little reason for optimism as to the perspectives of this kind of therapy. It is estimated that biofilms, which are the most common factor responsible for such diseases, demonstrate up to 1000-fold higher drug resistance than dispersed populations of the same bacteria species. A relatively slow development of new antibiotics suggests the need for a new approach in anti-infection therapy, alternative to the therapy with “classical” antibiotics. There is a growing interest in applying natural components of plant and animal immune systems. Nowadays, a challenge for medicine and microbiology is to discover new agents that would increase the effectiveness of anti-film therapy. These studies could verify current views on biofilms and their role in some infectious diseases of humans and animals.
Genetic susceptibility to HIV infection was previously proven to be influenced by some chemokine receptor polymorphisms clustering on chromosome 3p21. Here the influence of 5 genetic variants was studied: Δ32 CCR5, G(-2459)A CCR5, G190A CCR2, G744A CX3CR1 and C838T CX3CR1. They were screened in a cohort of 168 HIV-1 positive adults [HIV(+) group] and 151 newborns [control group] from northwestern Poland. PCR-RFLP was performed to screen for the variants (except for Δ32 CCR5 polymorphism, where PCR fragment size was sufficient to identify the alleles) and then electrophoresed on agarose gel to determine fragment size. Distribution of genotypes and alleles was not significantly different between the groups except for the CCR5 polymorphisms, with the Δ32 allele and the (-2459)A CCR5 allele more frequent among neonates than in the HIV(+) group. No Δ32/Δ32 homozygotes were found in the HIV(+) group, but 16.1% were Δ32/wt heterozygotes. In the control group, 1.3% were Δ32/Δ32 homozygotes and 26.0% were Δ32/wt heterozygotes. Linkage between the chemokine polymorphisms was calculated using the most informative loci for haplotype reconstruction. Haplotypes containing Δ32 CCR5,190G CCR2 and 744A CX3CR1 were found to be significantly more common in the control group. This suggests an association between these haplotypes and resistance to HIV-1 infection.
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