Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 37

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 2 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 2 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
Poland is one of important partners of the European Union cereal market. In Poland, approximately 8.3 mln ha, of arable land is occupied by cereal crops including 2.2 mln of wheat. Wheat production is conditioned by numerous factors, land the most important are: the occurrence of pests and diseases, plant protection costs, environmental conditions and selling price of grain. The aim the study conducted at the Experimental Station in Grodzisk Mazowiecki in 2006–2010 was the assessment of wheat protection profitability against diseased caused by pathogenic fungi. To reduce the development and harmfulness of wheat diseases, two fungicide treatments were performed each vegetative season. The differences obtained in pathogens harmfulness were mainly related to diversified meteorological conditions during the experimental years. Fungicide treatments resulted in the increase of saved yield by 8.15 dt/ha, which was equivalent to 513 PLN/ha. The average costs of performed treatments amounted to 242 PLN/ha. Each year wheat protection costs were covered by the value of saved yield. The profit value ranged from 82–396 PLN/ha depending on selling price of wheat grain in a given year (48–82 PLN/dt). Therefore, all important factors affecting cereal production (crop location, variety choice, properly performed field work. threat monitoring, economic account) should be considered to improve the profitability of wheat production.
Fungal diseases can cause high yield losses in winter wheat cultures if chemical protection is not applied. A skilful application of fungicides should prevent those losses and assure profit for a producer. The aim of conducted work was to assess harmfulness of particular pathogenic fungi being causal disease agent, calculating costs of protection and their profitability. Protection costs were in average 235 PLN/ha. The effect of fungicidal action was the yield increase: 2006 – 7.55 dt/ha = 416 PLN, 2007 – 7.60 dt/ha = 627 PLN, 2008 – 5.68 dt/ha = 307 PLN and 2009 – 11.84 dt/ha = 568 PLN. Treatments with fungicides were cost-effective each year. Profitability was related to the amount of grain yield increase and its cost in a given year amounted to: 55 PLN/dt in 2006, 82 PLN/dt in 2007, 54 PLN/dt in 2008 and 48 PLN/dt in 2009. Profit for a producer was in average: 2006 – 195 PLN/ha, 2007 – 396 PLN/ha, 2008 – 82 PLN/ha and 2009 – 306 PLN/ha. In plant protection, it is useful for producer to councel monitoring and up-to-date recommendations Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute concerning the need of protection against the important agrophages.
Na światowych rynkach zbóż, w tym szczególnie w Unii Europejskiej, coraz większe znaczenie ma jakość ziarna oferowanego do sprzedaży. Wysoki plon dobrej jakości, można uzyskać poprzez umiejętne stosowanie środków ochrony roślin. Celem pracy było określenie wysokości kosztów ochrony i opłacalności zwalczania organizmów szkodliwych. Ścisłe doświadczenia poletkowe prowadzono na pszenicy ozimej uprawianej w centralnej Polsce w latach 2004-2009. W badanym okresie najbardziej stabilne były koszty ochrony. Bardzo zróżnicowany był plon ziarna, zależny często od warunków pogodowych. Stwierdzono, że koszty miały wpływ na wielkość plonu, natomiast nie miały większego wpływu na wysokość cen ziarna zbóż. Powodowało to niestabilność zysków dla producentów.
Efficacy of protection of winter wheat against pathogenic fungi causing many dangerous diseases depends to a high degree on environmental conditions in a given vegetative period. Thus monitoring their development while considering present meteorogical conditions in a related period makes it possible to determine a degree of endangerment of cultures by selected fungal species, and prevent their development. During the studies conducted in the Regional Experimental Station of Plant Protection Institute – National Research Institute Grodzisk Mazowiecki, on the fields of Agricultural Experimental Station SGGW Chylice, Mazowieckie voivodeship, a high differentiation of weather conditions was recorded, especially at the time of a high demand of plants for water (April–July). On leaves of winter wheat occured at the highest intensity septoria leaf spot (Septoria spp.) and tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis). However brown rust (Puccinia recondita) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) did not present a particular danger. Ears of winter wheat were mainly colonized by S. nodorum, the causal agent of glume blotch. The occurence of ear fuzariosis (Fusarium spp.) and sooty moulds (Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp.) was also dependent on weather conditions. On stem base of winter wheat eyespot (Tapesia yallundae) and fungi of Fusarium species presented the highest danger. All the above listed pathogens can be of a high endangerment for the amount and quality of winter wheat grain yield.
Studies aimed at developing the internet application for potato late blight forecasting in Poland were undertaken within the framework of multilateral cooperation between the following institutions: Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute (IPP – NRI), Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute and Danish Institute of Agriculture Science in 2001–2002. A significant contribution to that project was made by the cooperation between IPP – NRI and German Central Institution for Decision Support Systems and Programmes in Crop Protection (Zentralstelle für Entscheidungshilfen und Programme im Pflanzenschutz, ZEPP) in 2003–2007. This cooperation enabled Polish partners to acquaint with the Information System for Integrated Crop Protection developed in Germany, and with some aspects of extension service work conducted with the help of Internet based decision support system. This knowledge was useful to Polish partners for developing the information system on the occurrence of Phytophthora infestans on potato plantations. The system provides the information on late blight threat to potato, based on the assessment model by Ullrich i Schrödter and the results of monitoring conducted by Advisory Service on chosen potato plantations. Moreover, the system provides the information on Phytophthora infestans life cycle and numerous pictures concerning potato late blight symptoms.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 2 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.