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Boar tusks are hypsodont teeth which undergo permanent wear on the incisal portion and growth at their basal part. They serve not only as a defense, but also as a tool for rooting and obtaining food. The paper presents lesions in boar tusks characterized by bilateral ledge formation on mandubular and maxilar canines that demarcated incisal from basal tooth portions. The lesions are probably the consequence of ameloblasts and odontoblasts alteration in the proliferative area with transient functional inhibition. Renewed cell activity leads to the rebuilding of the basal tooth part. This phenomenon can become noticeable as a circular ledge. In some cases pulpitis can result as a complication of the process, but it is not an integral part of the lesions. The bilateral character of the changes suggests a hematogenic means of pathogen action. However, its etiology still remains unclear. Ameloblasts are very sensitive to vitamin A, calcium and copper deficiency, as well as to the toxic influence of fluoride. One of the important pathogen agents seems to be mycotoxins, which are often taken in by boars with molded food.
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Ekologia i patologia

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The authors tried to determine the role of TH lymphocytes in the course of muscular trichinellosis in mice. The investigations were carried out on the CFW mice infected with 200 Trichinella spiralis larvae and treated with Cyclosporine A to suppresse TH1 lymphocytes. In animals treated with the drug more numerous cells inside the larval capsules and more numerous granulomas compared to control were seen. At the same time the mean number of larvae was lower (69,2%) than in control. The results show that TH1 lymphocytes do not play the significant role in the destruction of muscular larvae. This is the first conclusion and requires of course futher investigations.
Birds of pray constitute a special group of animals. They are exposed to contact with a number of, often sick, victims. Moreover, they cumulate some toxic compounds present in their victims’ bodies. Therefore, they are closely studied by ecologists and veterinarians. Literature data and our own experience show that birds in captivity often suffer from trichomonosis with characteristic nodular necrotic-inflammatory lesions in the beak cavity. This is most common in young birds fed with pigeon meat. Other significant health problems are tuberculosis, colibacteriosis and aspergillosis, but these are rarely found in the natural environment. Wild birds of pray commonly suffer from parasitic infestations caused by Trichomonas and coccidia, such as Caryospora and Eimeria, as well as Sarcosystis, Frankelia and Toxoplasma. Virus infections are mainly caused by herpesviruses and paramyxovirus PMV-1.
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