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Badania przeprowadzono w sezonie wegetacyjnym 2012 r. w Zakładzie Doświadczalno-Dydaktycznym Brody, należącym do Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu. Ich celem było poznanie wpływu sposobu uprawy gleby po wysiewie międzyplonu ścierniskowego (gorczyca biała i łubin + groch) pod uprawę pszenicy jarej na liczebność mikroorganizmów (bakterii i grzybów) i aktywność enzymów: dehydrogenazy, fosfatazy kwaśnej i proteazy. Próbki glebowe pobrano pięciokrotnie w trakcie sezonu wegetacyjnego (przed siewem pszenicy (BBCH 0), faza 2–3 rozkrzewień (BBCH 22-23), strzelanie w źdźbło (BBCH 30-31), koniec kłoszenia (BBCH 59) oraz po zbiorze). Analizę statystyczną wyników przeprowadzono testem Tukeya na poziomie istotności α = 0,05 z wykorzystaniem programu Statistica 8.0. Stwierdzono istotny wpływ różnych sposobów uprawy roli na liczebność analizowanych mikroorganizmów i aktywność enzymów glebowych w różnych terminach i fazach rozwojowych pszenicy jarej. Zastosowanie siewu bezpośredniego w uprawie roli zwiększyło liczebność drobnoustrojów i ich aktywność enzymatyczną (dehydrogenaza 0,07–0,90 μmol TPF·g-1s.m. gleby·(24 h)-1, fosfataza kwaśna 0,36–0,79 μmol PNP·g-1s.m.gleby·h-1 i proteaza 0,05–0,65 μg tyrozyny·g-1s.m.gleby·h-1) w stosunku do technologii tradycyjnej. Gleba pochodząca z obiektów z siewem bezpośrednim charakteryzowała się zwiększoną o 10,1% ogólną ilością bakterii i o 63,1% grzybów w porównaniu do uprawy płużnej.
The investigations were conducted on 60 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (at age 3 year and weight 590 kg) kept in tie-stall barn. The animals were divided into 3 groups of 20 heads each. The control group (K) was fed diets without probiotics, group (EM) -- was fed diet with the addition of EM probiotic (dose of 150 ml ⋅ t-1 TMR) and group (T) -- was fed diet with the addition of ToyoCerin probiotic (dose of 0.2 kg ⋅ t-1 TMR). The volume of 2--10 cm$^3$ saliva was collected from each animal in which the following parameters were determined: number of lactic acid rods from the Lactobacillus genus, number of rods capable of producing hydrogen peroxide. For purpose of precise diagnostics, lactic acid rods were identified on the basis of biochemical traits employing API 50 CHL (BioMérieux), while those manufacturing H2O2 were additionally tested using PCR method. The occurrence of Lactobacillus spp. rods was confirmed in all the examined individuals and in each and every experimental combination. Lactobacillus spp. rods capable of produce hydrogen peroxide were isolated in 17 cows in group K, in 3 individuals in group EM and in 13 animals in group T. EM probiotic strongly significantly restrict the development of Lactobacillus spp. strains are capable to produce hydrogen peroxide.
The investigation was performed on 75 of Golden Retriever puppies. Faecal samples were collected on the 42 day of the puppies life (control). Probiotic preparation was administered on 43 day of the puppies life and 10 days after the application of the probiotic, faecal samples were collected again (on 53 day of puppies life). All isolates of Campylobacter coli isolated prior to the administration of the probiotic were found to contain the cadF gene responsible for adhesion, as well as, the flaA gene influencing motility of the examined bacteria. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were recorded only in the case of enrofloxacin.
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. isolated from dogs’ faecal samples. From June 2012 to June 2013, a total of 210 faecal samples from pet dogs living in different kennels (n=210) were collected by the owners in Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poznań District, Poland. The study revealed that 105 out of 210 faecal samples (50%) contained Campylobacter. The highest prevalence of Campylobacter spp. occurred in spring (81%), followed by winter (64%). The cadF gene was found in 100% of the isolates tested. The occurrence of the other genes was variable. The isolates from young dogs were characterised by higher occurrence of virulence genes.
An investigation of microbial communities able to form biofilms and inhabiting an extreme acid mine drainage (AMD) polymetallic mine with pH ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 was carried out. Presented results concern an abandoned polymetallic mine that has not been studied so far. Geochemical analyses of the sampled area reveals a high concentration of heavy metals – especially arsenic and iron derived from the decomposition of arsenopyrite. Cryo-SEM analyses of hydrated biofilm reveals its structure and composition, showing intact extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) with minerals submerged in an EPS matrix. Thus a direct connection between bacteria and biotransformation of surrounding minerals can be observed. Microbial community analyses were carried out by using the non-cultivated method based on DNA extraction, cloning, sequencing, and molecular phylogenetics. Bioinformatics analyses reveals the presence of bacteria belonging to three phylogenic groups: Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The majority of them were characterized as iron-oxidizing bacteria. The information presented in this work is critical to understand which microorganisms are important to AMD production in the studied area and involved in iron and sulfur cycles.
Investigations of bacterial communities and characterization of mineralogy of the environment in the Złoty Stok As-Au deposit werecarried out. PXRD analysis revealed the presence of picropharmacolite as the most common secondary arsenic mineral in the mine. Total DNA was extracted from slime streams or slime biofilms samples to investigate the bacterial communities. PCR amplification of 16S rDNA was performed followed by subcloning of its products. Over 170 clones were analyzed by means of RFLP method. Eight group of clones representing different restriction patterns were identified. The nucleotide sequences of their inserts suggest that bacteria present in the mine environment belong to: Flavobacteria, Sphingobacteriia, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Mollicutes and Firmicutes. The metagenomic approach allows to demonstrate a higher diversity of microbiota than classical microbiological studies of cultivable isolates.
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