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Success and failure of endangered tree species: low temperatures and low light availability affect survival and growth of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) seedlings

100%

Iszkulo G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 2

European yew (Taxus baccata) is a rare and endangered species in many European countries. Observations of high levels of T. baccata seedling mortality under the canopy of mature trees suggest that mortality due to low irradiance may contribute to the decreasing population size of this species. The primary goal of my work was to determine if light and nitrogen fertilization influence the growth and survival of T. baccata seedlings. In 2002 and 2003, we carried out a field experiment with a range of light availabilities (reducing artificial light and obtained 2, 8, 30 and 100% RPPFD -Relative Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) and a nitrogen fertilization treatment (with and without NH₄NO₃ fertilizer). In 2002 and 2003, the mortality of one-yearold seedlings was very high after the first winter, especially within extreme light conditions (2 and 100% RPPFD). Biomass of seedlings was highest in 30%, intermediate in 100% and lowest in 8% and 2% RPPFD. High levels of seedling mortality during the winter suggest that low temperatures were the primary determinant of T. baccata seedling survival. Nitrogen fertilization only had a positive effect on growth in higher RPPFD values (8, 30 and 100%). Both total needle mass and needle mass allocation were higher in the nitrogen fertilization treatment Interaction of low temperature and light availability is probably the direct reason of high mortality of T. baccata seedlings located near the species range limit.

2

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Czy jemioła rośnie na dębach?

100%

Iszkulo G.

Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Dendrologicznego

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2021

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tom 69

3

The yew (Taxus baccata L.) of the Cisowy Jar reserve near Olecko

100%

Iszkulo G.

Dendrobiology

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2001

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tom 46

The present paper describes the current situation of yews in the Cisowy Jar Reserve: number, their state of health, height and diameter structure, and the sex ratio. In the result only 25 yews were found. Their state of health was relatively good, but many yews that grew on very heavily shaded stands were characterized by little height accretion and greater leaf reduction than those growing on more sunny positions. There is no continuity of population. No specimens in the height range between 51-100 cm were found. Sparse seedlings die in first years after appearing. Active human help is necessary to protect and to reconstruct the yew population in the reserve.

4

Program ochrony i restytucji cisa pospolitego w Polsce

75%

Iszkulo G.

Przegląd Leśniczy

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2006

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tom 16

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nr 10

5

Nowe stanowisko cisa pospolitego Taxus baccata L. na Gorze Szeskiej

75%

Iszkulo G.

Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą

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2002

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tom 58

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nr 4

92-94

6

Walory przyrodnicze i kulturowe rezerwatów na terenie Pojezierza Międzychodzko-Sierakowskiego

63%

Tokarska A., Iszkulo G.

Parki Narodowe i Rezerwaty Przyrody

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2013

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tom 32

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nr 1

7

Zastepcze zbiorowiska brzozy [Betula pendula Roth.] w strefie zamierania lasu w Gorach Izerskich

63%

Ceitel J., Iszkulo G.

Sylwan

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2000

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tom 144

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nr 09

33-43

8

Variation in sex expression in Polish and Ukrainian populations of Taxus baccata L.

63%

Iszkulo G., Jasinska A. K.

Dendrobiology

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2004

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tom 52

29-32

The aim of the present study was to analyse the occurrence of monoecious individuals in selected populations of Taxus baccata in Poland and Ukraine. The investigation showed the monoecy in Taxus baccata to be extremely rare phenomenon. Only four cosexual individuals were found in three by seven populations examines and the frequency of monoecy was 0.13% on average among 2986 trees verified. Isolated seeds were found on individuals with large number of male flowers. Only one tree was found with numerous macro- and microstrobiles.

9

Waloryzacja przyrodniczo-krajobrazowa, kulturowa oraz ocena atrakcyjności turystycznej gmin na terenie Pojezierza Międzychodzko-Sierakowskiego

63%

Tokarska-Osyczka A., Iszkulo G.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego. Inżynieria Środowiska

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2014

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nr 33[153]

10

Interaction between canopy tree species and European yew Taxus baccata [Taxaceae]

63%

Iszkulo G., Boratynski A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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tom 52

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nr 4

The aim of the study was an examination of the thesis, that canopy tree genera (species) can have positive or negative influence on the germination of seeds and growth of seedlings and saplings of Taxus baccata. The species population spontaneously formed in the Kórnik Arboretum (W Poland) during last decades was the field of investigations. All yew individuals (including seedlings) were positioned and measured on two plots (area 1900 and 2000 m²) permanently marked in the field. The crown ranges of canopy trees and tree-like yews were measured and projected on the maps. The numbers of seedlings, saplings and tree-like yews under canopies of particular tree genera were compared. The seeds of T. baccata germinated under canopies of all species, most abundantly under the canopy of Pseudotsuga and Abies, but also under mother trees. Seedlings older than 2 years were also most numerous under the canopy of coniferous trees, while the saplings under the canopy of broadleaved trees. The greatest numbers of tree-like individuals were found under Tilia and Carpinus species.

11

Males and females of Juniperus communis L. and Taxus baccata L. show different seasonal patterns of nitrogen and carbon content in needles

51%

Nowak-Dyjeta K., Giertych M. J., Thomas P., Iszkulo G.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2017

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tom 39

|

nr 08

12

Development of microsatellite markers for horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), their polymorphism in natural Greek populations, and cross-amplification in related species

51%

Walas L., Iszkulo G., Barina Z., Dering M.

Dendrobiology

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2021

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tom 85

13

Sex influences the taxanes content in Taxus baccata

51%

Iszkulo G., Kosinski P., Hajnos M.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2013

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tom 35

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nr 01

Like other species of the genus Taxus, European yew trees contain taxanes, including paclitaxel (T) and its precursor 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB). Taxanes are one of the most effective anticancer drugs. This study was undertaken to describe the levels and patterns of taxane variation in the Sudetian region (SW Poland). Paclitaxel (T) and 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10- DAB) concentrations were analysed in five populations. Needles and twigs were analysed from 60 individuals (30 males and 30 females) in each population. In addition, morphometric measurements were taken in the populations to obtain light intensity coefficients (specific leaf area, SLA). High variability in the taxane contents at both intra and interpopulational levels was found. Nevertheless, females had a significantly higher taxane content compared to males. Because taxanes are carbon-based secondary metabolites, females have higher rate of gas exchange of females compared to males. This was probably an adaptation to greater reproductive effort incurred by females. In this regard, female individuals seem to be better for selecting elite cultivars with a higher taxane production. The relationship between light intensity and taxane content was not significant. Shading, important for optimizing crop production, should not reduce the concentration of taxanes.

14

Influence of initial light intensity and deer browsing on Taxus baccata saplings: a six years field study

51%

Iszkulo G., Nowak-Dyjeta K., Sekiewicz M.

Dendrobiology

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2014

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tom 71

European yew (Taxus baccata L.) is a rare species, but is the focus of great interest because of the species recovery attempts and its use in medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for the development of the young generation of this species. Four-year old yew seedlings were grown under artificial light reduction: 2, 8, and 30%, as well as in full light. The seedlings were then planted in natural conditions in fenced and unfenced areas. The results of six years field studies indicated that the greatest impact on survival was shown by the light conditions from the period before planting under the canopy of trees. Seedlings from the 2 and 8% of light showed the greatest mortality. The reason was the sudden change in light conditions, because at the time of planting (early spring), there was no reduction of light under deciduous trees. Almost all of the unfenced yew seedlings were grazed by deer, but yew survival in the unfenced group was surprisingly high despite the permanent grazing. This was explained by the high resistance of yew to cutting and the protection of seedlings by a dense layer of Rubus. The results indicated that yew trees require protection against animals for normal development, even if animals have not previously had contact with Taxus and that yew seedlings are very sensitive to sudden changes in light. Both conclusions can be applied in the development of natural and artificial regeneration of European yew and other endangered plants.

15

Dendroecological differences between Taxus baccata males and females in comparison with monoecious Abies alba

51%

Iszkulo G., Jasinska A. K., Sobierajska K.

Dendrobiology

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2011

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tom 65

Taxus baccata L. is a rare and endangered dioecious species in Europe. Species of this mating system are considered to be the most vulnerable to extinction. It is believed that one reason for this state may be the uneven reproductive effort and different habitat requirements of the two sexes. Silver fir and European yew have very similar ecological requirements, but fir is a monoecious species. The aim of this study was to compare the growth rate andthe effect of precipitation andtemperature on the annual tree-ring width of silver fir and both sexes of European yew. The study site was the Knyazhdvir reserve in western Ukraine, located near the limit of the geographical range of both species. Knyazhdvir reserve is the site of one of the last yew populations in Europe with a large number of individuals (about 15,000 individuals above 1.3 m height) growing alongside fir.Woodsamples were taken from 15 male and15 female specimens of T. baccata andfrom 15 specimens of A. alba and were subjected to a standard dendrochronological procedure. The results showed high positive correlation between the temperatures in February andMarch andthe tree-ring width in the studied species and genders. The response of annual tree-ring width to the examined climatic factors was relatively similar in yew andfir. However slight differences were foundbetween males andfemales of T. baccata. The growth rate decreased more rapidly in females compared to males, probably following sexual maturation. Precipitation in April hada positive effect on firs andfemale yews, but not on male yews. This confirms earlier reports of the requirement of female specimens of dioecious species for a higher humidity than male individuals.

16

Transcriptome analysis of female and male Taxus baccata L. under different nutritional regimes

51%

Pers-Kamczyc E., Wesoly J., Iszkulo G.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2018

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tom 40

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nr 11-11th International Conference Plant Functioning under Environmental Stress...

17

Light limitation of growth in 10-year-old seedlings of Taxus baccata L. [European yew]

51%

Iszkulo G., Lewandowski A., Jasinska A. K., Dering M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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tom 55

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nr 4

Taxus baccata L. is a rare and endangered species with restricted occurrence. One or two-year-old yew seedlings occur quite frequently in natural stands of the species, but older seedlings are rarely observed. Therefore we investigated the relationship between light intensity and the growth rate of ten-year-old seedlings of the European yew Taxus baccata (L.). The study was conducted in a preservation area established in 1999 in order to protect the gene pool of the ‘Cisy Staropolskie’ Reserve in the Bory Tucholskie Forest (northern Poland). A total of 570 three-year-old seedlings were planted under the canopy of a 45-year-old forest stand composed of oak (50%), birch (40%) and hornbeam (10%). Measurements of seedling heights were taken in 1999, 2003 and 2005. In 2005, the current annual growth increment was measured. Relative Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (RPPFD) up to 30% had a positive influence on the height and annual height increment of the yews, but most of individuals grew below 5% RPPFD. This suggests that increasing light level would increase growth of yew in both natural recruitment and planting.

18

Relation between photosynthetic photon flux density [PPFD] and growth of silver fir [Abies alba Mill.] seedlings in a forest stand dominated by spruce [Picea abies [L.] H.Karst.] in the Sudety Mts [SW Poland]

51%

Filipiak M., Iszkulo G., Korybo J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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tom 53

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nr 2

The relations between Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and both the number of silver fir (Abies alba) seedlings per unit area and their height growth were investigated. The study was carried out in the Sudety Mts (SW Poland, 50º28’N, 16º19’E), in a forest stand dominated by spruce (Picea abies), growing on site of mixed broad-leaved mountain forest. This site type is very commonly colonized by silver fir in this part of Europe. The number of fir seedlings per unit area decreased with growing PPFD values, whereas seedling height increased. Our results suggest that greater access of sunlight, at least within the recorded PPFD range (0−40% of full irradiation) improves the growth conditions of fir seedlings but at the same time the spread of grasses (mainly Deschampsia flexuosa) inhibits the rooting and development of new seedlings. Thus regenerative felling should be conducted in forest stands in these places where fir seedlings are numerous.

19

Jałowiec (nie)pospolity

51%

Mandryk W., Iszkulo G.

Las Polski

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2015

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nr 05

20

Life span of needles of Pinus mugo Turra: effect of altitude and species origin

45%

Boratynski A., Jasinska A., Boratynska K., Iszkulo G., Piorkowska M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 3

567-572

The needle life span of evergreen coniferous trees is a species-specific trait but can be also affected and modified by environmental conditions. On the basis of field observations of needle life span during three periods in two populations of Pinus mugo in the Tatra Mts (altitude: 1600–1700 m) and Sudety Mts (altitude 830–1420 m), 11 populations from various altitudes we concluded that: 1) within the same population needle life span remained the same over the three periods of observations, 2) needle life span in the Tatra Mts is about 1 year longer than in the Sudety Mts, ranging from 5.5 to 5.9 years and 3) needle life span in the Sudety Mts increases significantly with the altitude of the population. The longer life span of needles in the Tatra Mts may be specific for the population, i.e. it may be due to a different population origin (another Pleistocene centre of the species), and the shorter life span of needles noted in the Sudety Mts may be due to higher soil pollution in this region.

Ograniczanie wyników

Success and failure of endangered tree species: low temperatures and low light availability affect survival and growth of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) seedlings

Czy jemioła rośnie na dębach?

The yew (Taxus baccata L.) of the Cisowy Jar reserve near Olecko

Program ochrony i restytucji cisa pospolitego w Polsce

Nowe stanowisko cisa pospolitego Taxus baccata L. na Gorze Szeskiej

Walory przyrodnicze i kulturowe rezerwatów na terenie Pojezierza Międzychodzko-Sierakowskiego

Zastepcze zbiorowiska brzozy [Betula pendula Roth.] w strefie zamierania lasu w Gorach Izerskich

Variation in sex expression in Polish and Ukrainian populations of Taxus baccata L.

Waloryzacja przyrodniczo-krajobrazowa, kulturowa oraz ocena atrakcyjności turystycznej gmin na terenie Pojezierza Międzychodzko-Sierakowskiego

Interaction between canopy tree species and European yew Taxus baccata [Taxaceae]

Males and females of Juniperus communis L. and Taxus baccata L. show different seasonal patterns of nitrogen and carbon content in needles

Development of microsatellite markers for horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), their polymorphism in natural Greek populations, and cross-amplification in related species

Sex influences the taxanes content in Taxus baccata

Influence of initial light intensity and deer browsing on Taxus baccata saplings: a six years field study

Dendroecological differences between Taxus baccata males and females in comparison with monoecious Abies alba

Transcriptome analysis of female and male Taxus baccata L. under different nutritional regimes

Light limitation of growth in 10-year-old seedlings of Taxus baccata L. [European yew]

Relation between photosynthetic photon flux density [PPFD] and growth of silver fir [Abies alba Mill.] seedlings in a forest stand dominated by spruce [Picea abies [L.] H.Karst.] in the Sudety Mts [SW Poland]

Jałowiec (nie)pospolity

Life span of needles of Pinus mugo Turra: effect of altitude and species origin