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1

The in vitro synthesis of diosgenin mono- and diglucoside by enzyme preparations from Solanum melongena leaves

100%
Paczkowski C., Wojciechowski Z. A.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
1993
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tom 40
|
nr 1
2

Source of nitrogen as a factor limiting saponin production by hairy root and suspension cultures of Calendula officinalis L.

81%
Dlugosz M., Markowski M., Paczkowski C.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2018
|
tom 40
|
nr 02
Triterpenic saponins represented in Calendula officinalis L. by oleanolic acid (OA) glycosides are pentacyclic triterpene compounds with a wide range of biological and medicinal properties. This report demonstrates nitrogen source impact on growth, saponin accumulation, and secretion in hairy root and suspension cultures of marigold. Hairy roots preferred nitrate as a mineral source of nitrogen, but its impact on growth, OA glycosides accumulation, and secretion were line-dependent. The best productivity of OA glycosides was found in CC16 line (74.86 mg flask⁻¹) in ½ MS medium modified by 2.5× KNO₃ and ammonium elimination with 2.5 g l⁻¹ peptone. Organic nitrogen source at 27.5-g l⁻¹ impairs the growth rate of hairy roots. Its effect on saponin accumulation and secretion to the surrounding medium depended on line and media composition. Nitrate:ammonium ratio of 4:2 for CC16 resulted in 5.7-fold increment of saponin secretion comparing to the standard medium. Embryo roots, apical bud, and hypocotyls explants were crucial for induction of suspension culture synthesizing saponins; however, effect of mineral form of nitrogen in cultivating medium had to be considered. The highest OA glycosides level (171.97 μg g⁻¹ of dry weight) was recorded in the root derived culture with nitrate as a sole mineral form of nitrogen. Peptone from lactalbumin decidedly inhibited the saponin formation; however, it was essential for culture initiation, proliferation, and organ differentiation.
3

Comparison of the content of triterpene acids in edible berries of three wild Vaccinium species occurring in Poland

81%
Szakiel A., Choluj A., Paczkowski C.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
2007
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tom 54
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nr Supplement 4
4
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Triterpenoid profile of fruit and leaf cuticular waxes of edible honeysuckle Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica

81%
Becker R., Paczkowski C., Szakiel A.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
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2017
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tom 86
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nr 1
Edible honeysuckle (honeyberry) Lonicera caerulea is becoming popular as a novel berry crop with several useful features such as early fruit ripening and exceptional hardiness, particularly resistance to pests and diseases as well as severe frosts in winter and droughts in summer. The triterpenoid profile of fruit and leaf cutic­ular waxes of edible honeysuckle (a Russian cultivar Chernichka) was analyzed by GC-MS. The major compounds identified were the tetracyclic triterpenoids campesterol, cholesterol, cycloartanol, cycloart-23-ene-3,25-diol, 24-methylenecy­cloartanol (only in leaves), sitosterol, stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one, and stigmasterol; and the pentacyclic triterpenes: α-amyrin, β-amyrin, hop-22(29)-en-3-one, olea­nolic acid, and ursolic acid. Several remarkable features of the analyzed triterpenoid contents were revealed, including the relatively low abundance of triterpenoids in fruit waxes (6.5% of wax extract) compared to leaf waxes (22%), and a particularly high proportion of tetracyclic triterpenoids (tetracyclic to pentacyclic compound ratios of 4:1 in fruits and almost 7:1 in leaves). These rare features distinguish the triterpenoid profile of the cuticular waxes of L. caerulea var. kamtschatica from the majority of triterpenoid profiles in plant cuticular waxes investigated to date. To our knowledge, this is the first quantitative compositional study on triterpe­noid compounds in the cuticular waxes of edible honeysuckle, supplementing the knowledge of cuticular triterpenoid diversity and distribution.
5

Production of oleanolic acid glycosides by hairy root established cultures of Calendula officinalis L.

81%
Dlugosz M., Wiktorowska E., Wisniewska A., Paczkowski C.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
2013
|
tom 60
|
nr 3
In order to initiate hairy root culture initiation cotyledons and hypocotyls of Calendula officinalis L. were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834 or the same strain containing pCAMBIA 1381Z vector with β-glucuronidase reporter gene under control of promoter of NIK (Nematode Induced Kinase) gene. The efficiency of induction of hairy roots reached 33.8% for cotyledons and 66.6% for hypocotyls together for both transformation experiments. Finally, eight control and nine modified lines were established as a long-term culture. The hairy root cultures showed the ability to synthesize oleanolic acid mainly (97%) as glycosides; control lines contained it at the average 8.42 mg·g-1 dry weight in tissue and 0.23 mg·dm-3 in medium; modified lines: 4.59 mg·g-1 for the tissue, and 0.48 mg·dm-3 for the medium. Additionally lines showed high positive correlation between dry/fresh weight and oleanolic acid concentration in tissue. Using the Killiani mixture in acidic hydrolysis of oleanolic acid glycosides released free aglycones that were partially acetylated in such conditions.
6

Evidence for essential histidine and dicarboxylic amino-acid residues in the active site of UDP-glucose: solasodine glucosyltransferase from eggplant leaves

81%
Nawloka P., Kalinowska M., Paczkowski C., Wojciechowski Z. A.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
2003
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tom 50
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nr 2
Effects of several chemical probes selectively modifying various amino-acid resi­dues on the activity of UDP-glucose : solasodine glucosyltransferase from eggplant leaves was studied. It was shown that diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC), a specific modi­fier of histidine residues, was strongly inhibitory. However, in the presence of exces­sive amounts of the enzyme substrates, i.e. either UDP-glucose or solasodine, the in­hibitory effect of DEPC was much weaker indicating that histidine (or histidines) are present in the active site of the enzyme. Our results suggest also that unmodified resi­dues of glutamic (or aspartic) acid, lysine, cysteine, tyrosine and tryptophan are nec­essary for full activity of the enzyme. Reagents modifying serine and arginine resi­dues have no effect on the enzyme activity.
7

UDP-glucose: solasodine glucosyltransferase from eggplant [Solanum melongena L.] leaves: Partial purification and characterization

81%
Paczkowski C., Kalinowska M., Wojciechowski Z. A.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
1997
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tom 44
|
nr 1
Uridine 5 '-diphosphoglucose-dependent glucosyltransferase which catalyzes the glucosylation of solasodine, i.e. UDP-glucose:solasodine glucosyltrans­ferase, is present in leaves, roots, unripe fruits and unripe seeds of eggplant (Solanum melongenaL.). The glucosylation product is chromatographically identical with authentic solasodine 3β-nmonoglucoside, a putative intermedi­ate in the biosynthesis of solasodine-based glycoalkaloids characteristic of the eggplant. The enzyme was purified about 50-fold from crude cytosol fraction of eggplant leaves by ammonium sulphate precipitation and column chromatog­raphy on Q-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100. The native enzyme has a molecular mass of approx. 55 and pH optimum of 8.5. metal ions are not required for its activity but the presence of free -SH groups is essential. Besides solasodine (Km = 0.04 ), the enzyme effectively glucosylates tomatidine, another steroidal alkaloid of the spirosolane type, but it is virtually inactive towards the solanidane-type steroidal alkaloids such as solanidine or demissid- ine. The enzyme is specific for UDP-glucose (Km= 2.1 u) since unlabelled ADP-, GDP-, CDP- or TDP-glucose could not effectively compete with UDP-[14]glucose used as the sugar donor for solasodine glucosylation. Moreover, no synthe­sis of labelled solasodine galactoside was observed when UDP-l14]glucose was replaced with UDP-[l4]galactose.
8
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Hairy root cultures of marigold (Calendula officinalis ) as a source of oleanolic acid glycosides

71%
Markowski M., Alsoufi A. S. M., Paczkowski C., Szakiel A., Dlugosz M.
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
|
2015
|
tom 96
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nr 1
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