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In serum of 114 patients with dementia and of 102 controls the titer of G class immunoglobulins directed against oxidized low density lipoproteins (LDL) was determined by ELISA method using OLAB kits. In isolated DNA apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism was identifi ed. In the group with dementia a tendency to lower antibodies levels in e4 allele carriers and to higher ones in the e2 group was observed. In some individuals very high levels of the antibodies were stated exceeding the 90 percentile of the investigated groups. The prevalence of very high anti-ox LDL antibodies level was signifi cantly more frequent in the carriers of e2 allele and less frequent in the carriers of e4 allele. These results could suggest a role of apolipoprotein E polymorphism in the immune response against oxidized low density lipoproteins. This could play an additional role in the pathogenesis of dementia.
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The incidence of sleep apnea in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack

86%
Disorders of breathing during sleep are defined as cessation or reduction of air flow thorough the upper airway, accompanied by a decrease of oxygen saturation. The results of many studies underline the association between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and cerebrovascular disorders. SDB, mostly obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), is believed to be an independent risk factor of stroke and is related to poor outcome and increased long-term stroke mortality. The present study evaluated the frequency of SDB in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack transient ischemic attack. We studied 43 patients (mean age 68.5 ±11.0), which included 35 males and 8 females, with acute stroke (n=37) and transient ischemic attack (n=6). The assessment included body mass index (BMI), age, cardiovascular risk factors, and localization of stroke. All patients underwent all-night screening for SDB with a portable 8-channel recorder. The apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) for the whole group was 13.3 ±15.2. AHI <5 was found in 16 patients. Overall, SDB was present in 27 (62.8%) patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack, stratified into those with AHI 5-10, (10 patients), 10-20 (8 patients), and AHI>20 (9 patients). In 15 patients, there was an increase in AHI 5 on assuming the supine position. The patients’ mean BMI was 27.8 ±4.7. The analysis of BMI, age, and localization of stroke was not sufficient to identify patients with high risk for SDB. We submit that overnight screening for SDB should be routinely performed in every patient after stroke and transient ischemic attack and it should become a diagnostic tool in neurological departments.
In a group of 194 persons aged 54–86 years global DNA methylation was determined using Imprint DNA Quantification KitMDQ1 (Sigma-Aldrich). The association with several biochemical factors as serum glucose,serum creatinine and folic acid (determined by chemiluminescence) levels as well as with sex, age and cognitive status was estimated by multivariate stepwise regression analysis. The strongest association was stated with serum creatinine (P=0.0003), with serum folic acid (P=0.005) and with glucose (0.008) levels. The mechanisms and significance of these associations is discussed in view of human aging and age-connected diseases as atherosclerosis, diabetes and renal failure
Alcoholism is a complex disease with hereditary influence. To elucidate genetic contribution, microarrays were used to probe for differences in gene expression in limbic system structures in strains of rats selected for several generations for alcohol preference: Warsaw High Preferring (WHP) strain and Warsaw Low Preferring (WLP) strain. Microarray analyses of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus (HP) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) gene expression patterns revealed 237, 416 and 756 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the strains (FC>1.5; adj P<0.05). While the NAc showed a substantially larger number of DEGs, there was a considerable overlap in expression profiles between the studied brain areas: 104 common transcripts changed in the same direction in the mPFC, HP, and NAc. Several functional groups, including genes involved in the action of corticosteroids, prostaglandins, glutamate, or GABA activity were found to be significantly overrepresented and may play an important role in establishing a high level of voluntary alcohol drinking in our model. The results suggest candidate genes for alcohol preference quantitative trait loci (QTL) identification.
Several authors observed a diminished insulin sensitivity in dementia. It was proposed that dementia could be treated as a kind of diabetes type 2 expressed mainly in the brain. In insulin resistance states insulin levels in blood serum are usually elevated. In this work a group of 140 demented patients was investigated: 63 of them were diagnosed as probable Alzheimer disease (AD), 33 as dementia of vascular origin (VaD) and 44 as mixed dementia (MD) and compared with 59 individuals without dementia. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-IV and the kind of dementia by NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Fasting glucose and glucose after glucose load level was determined by enzymatic method. Fasting insulin concentration was assayed using ELISA using DRG kits. Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) - the most frequently used index of insulin resistance was calculated. Statistically significant higher glucose levels after glucose load (impaired glucose tolerance IGT) were stated in the group of dementia as compared with controls. Elevated HOMA-IR values were more frequently observed in patients with dementia as compared with controls borderline significantly in the VaD and MD groups. The results indicate abnormal glucose metabolism expressed as IGT as well as probable glucose resistance in dementia.
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