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1

The in vitro digestion of neutral detergent fibre and other ruminal fermentation parameters of some fibrous feedstuffs in Damascus goat (Capra aegagrus hircus)

100%
Kara K.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences
|
2019
|
tom 28
|
nr 2
The study aimed to compare in vitro gas and methane production and ruminal fermentation patterns of lucerne hay (Medicago sativa L.), sugar beet pulp (Beta vulgaris L.), maize silage (Zea mays L.), plantago hay (Plantago lanceolata L.), ajuga hay (Ajuga bombycina L.), guelder-rose leaf (Viburnum opulus L.), tomato pomace (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Jerusalem artichoke hay (Helianthus tuberosus) and pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) in rumen fluid of Damascus goats. Ruminal fermentation parameters such as kinetics, gas production, organic matter digestibility-gas (OMdgas), true-dry matter digestibility (T-DMd), true-organic matter digestibility (T-OMd), true-neutral detergent fibre digestibility (T-NDFd), partitioning factor (PF24) and gas yield (GY24) and metabolizable energy (ME) were determined. The highest gas production from insoluble fraction (bgas) and potential gas production (a+b)gas were in tomato pomace (P < 0.001). The (bgas) and (a+b)gas values of plantago, ajuga and Jerusalem artichoke hays were higher than those of lucerne hay (P < 0.001). The T-DMd, T-OMd, T-NDFd, OMdgas, ME and methane values of tomato pomace and sugar beet pulp were the highest in tested forages (P < 0.01). The highest acetic acid concentration in fermentation fluid was in Jerusalem artichoke hay and maize silage; the molarities of volatile fatty acids in fermentation fluids were ranged from 91.84 to 104.21 (P < 0.001). It can be concluded that tomato pomace and sugar beet pulp have the digestive potential in the goat rumen, although they promote high methane production. Moreover, hays of plantago, ajuga and Jerusalem artichoke as well as pomegranate peels may be used as alternative forages to common fibrous feedstuffs like lucerne hay in goat nutrition.
2

Effect of dietary fibre and condensed tannins concentration from various fibrous feedstuffs on in vitro gas production kinetics with rabbit faecal inoculum

100%
Kara K.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences
|
2016
|
tom 25
|
nr 3
The aim of the study was to compare nutrients, condensed tannins, fibre and in vitro fermentation parameters from different fibrous feedstuffs, both common (sugar beet pulp, wheat bran, lucerne meal) and uncommon (tomato pomace, maize bran, rice bran, lentil bran and pomegranate peel) in rabbit feeds with the in vitro gas production technique using rabbit faeces inoculum. The total dietary fibre and insoluble dietary fibre concentration were the lowest (28.9 and 23.7%) for rice bran and the highest (70.2 and 63.1%) for sugar beet pulp. The highest digestible fibre fraction was in sugar beet pulp (44.5%). The highest total condensed tannin, bound condensed tannin and extractable condensed tannin levels were determined in lentil bran. The in vitro gas production from insoluble fraction (bgas; 111 and 100 ml · 0.5 g–1 DM, respectively) and potential gas production values [(a+b)gas; 105.5 and 94.7 ml · 0.5 g–1 DM, respectively] were the highest in tomato pomace and sugar beet pulp. The bgas and (a+b)gas values of maize bran were higher by about 50% than those of wheat and rice bran ( < 0.001). The bgas and (a+b)gas values of pomegranate peel were approximately 4 times higher than those of lentil bran ( < 0.001). These results suggested that considering in vitro gas production tomato pomace, maize bran and rice bran could be further studied for use as alternative dietary fibrous feedstuffs for rabbit. It can be suggested that pomegranate pomace and lentil bran could be used as alternative dietary fibrous feedstuffs for the growing rabbit due to their high fibre content and low fermentation capacity
3

Nutrient composition and in vitro digestion parameters of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) herbage at different maturity stages in horse and ruminant

63%
Ersahince A. C., Kara K.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences
|
2017
|
tom 26
|
nr 3
The aim of the study was to determine the nutrient composition and in vitro digestion parameters of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) herbage at different maturity stages (vegetative, early flowering, full flowering and early seeding) in horses and ruminants. The crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC), neutral detergent fibre assayed with a heat stable amylase and expressed exclusive of residual ash (aNDFom), acid detergent fibre expressed exclusive of residual ash (ADFom), acid detergent lignin (ADL), total condensed tannins (TCT), total saponin (TSP) and carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene and α-,β-,γ-carotenes) content in plant samples were analysed. The in vitro total gas and methane production, metabolizable energy (ME), true dry matter disappearance (T-DMd), true organic matter disappearance (T-OMd), gas yield (GY24), partial factor (PF24) and microbial crude protein production (MCP) values and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration in fermentation fluid for herbage samples were determined with the in vitro digestion techniques carried out using horse faeces and ruminant fluids. The aNDFom, ADFom, ADL, EE and TCT content increased with plant maturation (P < 0.05). Zeaxanthin, lycopene and β-carotene content was the highest in full flowering and the lowest in early seeding plant (P < 0.05). With the plant maturation the following parameters decreased (P < 0.05): CP, NFC, ash and TSP content in plant samples, and in vitro total gas and methane production, T-DMd, T-OMd, ME values and molarities of individual VFAs for both horses and ruminants. Consequently, Jerusalem artichoke herbage, especially at vegetative stage, has the potential to be used as quality forage in terms of high/moderate nutrient composition and satisfactory digestion values for both horses and ruminants.
4

Comparison of nutrient composition and anti-methanogenic properties of different Rosaceae species

51%
Kara K., Guclu B. K., Baytok E.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences
|
2015
|
tom 24
|
nr 4
The aim of the study was to compare different parts (leaves, fruits, seeds) of three Rosaceae species (Rosa canina, Crataegus orientalis and Crataegus monogyna) in terms of nutrient composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters. The in vitro total gas production levels of the leaves of all Rosaceae species were similar (P > 0.05). The in vitro total gas production of R. canina fruits and seeds was lower compared with those of C. orientalis and C. monogyna fruits (P = 0.001) and seeds (P = 0.008). The in vitro methane production of R. canina seeds was lower (13.66%) than that of the Crataegus seeds (16.50%–16.80%; P < 0.01). The methane production of the leaves and fruits of all three Rosaceae species was similar (P > 0.05). There were no differences among the in vitro short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) levels of leaves of the three Rosaceae species. The ME, NEL, SCFA and OMD levels of Rosaceae fruits and seeds differed significantly (P < 0.01). The Rosaceae fruits and seeds could be ordered as C. orientalis > C. monogyna > R. canina in terms of ME, NEL, SCFA and OMD. The leaves of the Crataegus species, when compared in terms of roughage source for grazing animals in scrublands, contain a moderate level of crude protein and fibre, but the crude protein level in the leaves of R. canina was rather low. The leaves and fruits of all tested Rosaceae species and the seeds of R. canina can be used as rumen modulators with an anti-methanogenic effect. These results suggest that Crataegus leaves have the advantage of maintaining their nutritive value for ruminants throughout the dry season (especially in late summer) when grasses dry up
5

The effect of Mediterranean thyme (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) essential oil on fattening performance and ruminal parameters in lamb

33%
Baytok E., Kara K., Aksu T., Guclu B. K., Ozkaya S., Denek N., Kamalak A., Kaya D. A., Onel S. E., Akcay A.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences
|
2017
|
tom 26
|
nr 4
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata (TS) essential oil (10 or 15 µl · kg−1 live weight (LW)) on growth performance (LW, LW gain, feed intake) and rumen parameters (volatile fatty acids (VFA)) and ammonia levels, and pH) in lambs. The experiment lasted 56 days, including 14 days of adaptation and 42 of experimental period. The TS essential oil was extracted from the leaves harvested at the beginning of plant flowering and contained: 66.86% carvacrol, 12.18% p-cymene, 10.73% γ-terpinene and 2.77% thymol. The addition of TS essential oil to concentrate feed did not affect final LW, LW gain, feed intake or feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Molar concentrations (mmol · l−1) of total VFA and acetic (A), butyric (B) and propionic (P) acids, and levels of pH and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3 -N) in rumen fluid were also not affected by TS essential oil inclusion (P > 0.05). However, the proportion of A and (A+B):P ratio in rumen fluid VFA increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing TS essential oil doses, whereas the P proportion decreased linearly (P = 0.008). So, it could be suggested that TS essential oil enhanced the concentration of selected VFA in rumen fluid through a positive effect on feed digestion in the rumen. In particular, the linear increase in A and (A+B):P ratio could have enhanced fibrolytic effect in the rumen ecosystem. It was concluded that different doses and longer terms of use of TS essential oil should be further investigated in in vivo studies.
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