The method of choice for the downregulation of canine testicular function is the use of slow-release GnRHagonist implants. Clinical efficacy has well been demonstrated, and basic information on the underlying mechanisms of action has been obtained. As reviewed in the present paper, the treatment-induced decreased availability of LH is followed by the downregulation of the steroidogenic apparatus and – restricted to the protein level – of androgen receptor expression. A downregulated testis is distinctly different from a juvenile one and rather resembles the situation observed in testes of seasonally breeding animals out of season. Following the abolition of downregulation, the onset and recrudescence of testicular function is a rapid process. Full steroidogenic capacity is regained within 3 weeks, and spermatogenesis enters the spermatogenic cycle leading to pre-treatment ejaculate quality.
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