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Tinchuley (Latitude: 26.89748 N, Longitude: 88.23268 E) is a remote hamlet located close to Darjeeling which can be reached through a drive of 32 kilometers. Takdah Cantonment (Latitude: 26.89745 N, Longitude: 88.23265 E) is a settlement located in Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. It is one of the upcoming tourist centers of the Darjeeling hills, around 4 km. from Tinchuley. The winding roads, tall pine and fir trees, intruding packs of cloud and warm and hospitable people makes it an ideal destination for people looking to escape from the hectic lifestyle of the city. The main objective of the present research work was to construct the social, environmental, cultural and economic framework of Tinchuley and Takdah Cantonment area and to highlight the proposals for sustainable management policies of those ecologically sensitive zones. The study was done in May, 2014 by visiting Tinchuley and Takdah and the information was gathered through field survey and direct contact with common people and authorized centers of the regions. Surveys on the agriculture, horticulture, livestock, water management, education, culture, health, waste management, transport and biodiversity were done in these areas. Tinchuley and Takdah have become the prominent tourist spots of West Bengal for pleasure trips, biological and geographical excursions and medical research works. In spite of getting so much attention in the recent time, the areas are not adequately developed. There is an urgent need for implementing sustainable management systems in the areas for the betterment of the socio-environmental structures. Some of the possible management strategies have been suggested for maintaining the social, environmental, economic and ecological balance of the regions.
Oryza sativa Linn. (rice) and Corchorus capsularis Linn. (jute) are the two major crops of the Bengal basin. Both rice and jute are generally grown in submerged flooded conditions, where arsenic bioavailability is high in soil. The consumers of the edible parts from both plants therefore face an inevitable source of exposure to arsenic, with consequent accumulation and toxicity. The objective of the study was to observe the in-vivo temporal variation of arsenic bioaccumulation in the different parts of O. sativa and C. capsularis. Rice plant specimens (Aman rice, Ratna variety) of different age groups (1, 2 and 3 months old) were analyzed in HG-AAS for absorbed arsenic content in different parts. The accumulation of arsenic remained significantly high in the initial phase of growth, but decreased with time. Amount of arsenic bioaccumulation followed the decreasing order: root > basal stem > median stem > apical stem > leaves > grains in all the three age groups of the rice plant samples. C. capsularis followed a trend of arsenic bioaccumulation similar to O. sativa. O. sativa had more accumulation potential than C. capsularis, but C. capsularis showed much higher efficiency of arsenic translocation in the above ground parts. This is the first ever report of time-dependent decrease in arsenic bioaccumulation in O. sativa and C. capsularis. The contamination level can reach the grain part in significant amount and can cause health hazards in more severely arsenic affected areas. Intensive investigation on a complete food chain is urgently needed in the arsenic contaminated zones for further risk assessments.
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