Japan is a forest rich country. Forests cover 67% of the land area. Because of the steep topography, forests on the slopes are very important for landslide protection and soil erosion control as well as water holding function. Therefore, the Japanese people have been making great efforts to sustain the forest and natural vegetation. At the same time, places suitable for residential and arable land are limited, and agricultural areas cover only 12% of the land. Conservation of agricultural and forest land has been one of the most important policy issues in the history of this country. The authors describe the features of land use and historical development of several legislations related to the conservation of agricultural and forest land in Japan.
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