Ograniczanie wyników

Czasopisma help
Autorzy help
Lata help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 9

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
Melanin-based plumage ornaments may express individual quality in the context of social and sexual selection. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defences may be expressed through melanin-based plumage traits. Male Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca exhibit eumelanic dorsal plumage and white feather patches on forehead and wing feathers. Although these traits have been related to sexual selection in some populations, no physiological correlate of variation in these characters has been previously shown. Here we test if these plumage traits are related to plasma oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. We captured males while feeding nestlings in a population breeding at high altitude (1200-1400 m) in central Spain and collected blood samples from brachial veins. Percentage black on dorsal plumage and extension of white on folded wing and forehead were obtained from digital photographs. Plasma samples were analysed in the laboratory to obtain lipid peroxidation as a measure of oxidative damage by quantifying malondialdehydes (MDA), and antioxidant capacity. When controlling for male mass, breeding date and brood size, only forehead patch size was negatively associated with plasma lipid peroxidation levels and positively related to antioxidant capacity. There was no association among different plumage traits. Thus forehead patch size in montane Iberian populations may signal male phenotypic quality through plasma oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity possibly due to altitudinal effects on oxidative stress.
Bacteria may colonize avian nests with unknown repercussions on nestling growth and health, although bacteria on nest materials may easily colonize nestling skin and growing feathers. Cavity nesters may have to build their nests on top of used nest materials, given restrictions on cavity availability. Nest reuse may favour bacterial colonization of nest materials and nestling skin and thereby affect nestling feather growth. To test these possibilities, we conducted a study of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca breeding in nest-boxes in central Spain. We left a sample of nest- boxes without removing old nest materials in 2010 and compared bacterial loads of nest materials, control inert objects and nestling belly skin in reused nests with those in new nests in 2011. Nestlings raised in reused nests had higher bacterial loads on their belly skin than those in new nests, while no difference between nest types for nest materials and control inert objects were found. There was a marginally significant tendency for wing length before fledging to be lower in reused nests, but no trend for mass or tarsus length. The bacterial loads of nests showed a negative association with feather growth of nestlings as expressed through wing length but not with tarsus length or mass growth. These results indicate an association between nest reuse and bacterial growth on nestling skin not hitherto detected. They also suggest a possible impairment of flight capacity at fledging mediated by nest bacterial communities which are in direct contact with nestling skin and growing feathers.
Nest building effort has received scant attention in the literature although it may involve costs which can be detected as physiological stress. We prolonged nest construction effort in a population of Spanish Pied Flycatchers by removing nests from nest-boxes and forcing females to build a second nest. In comparison with control nests, the experimental females had to work for longer periods and accumulate more nest material, but nest construction rates (g of nest material per day of construction) were not affected. There was a positive association of clutch mass with nest construction rate. To measure physiological stress, we captured females shortly after laying to obtain blood samples for heat-shock protein quantification. Heat-shock proteins quantify stress at cell level. The level of HSP60 in peripheral blood was positively associated with total nest construction rate (including second nests for experimental females), but not with laying date, clutch mass or experimental treatment. A third of the variation in the HSP60 level was explained by the nest construction rate. Fast nest builders are physiologically stressed, suggesting that the nest construction rate may constitute an index of female physiological performance.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.