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Temporal information processing controls many aspects of human mental activity and may be assessed by examining perception of temporal order in the tens of milliseconds time range. Although existing studies suggest an age-related decline in mental abilities, the data on the deterioration of temporal order perception seems inconsistent. Moreover, any evidence on subjects aged over 70 years is lacking. The present experiment aimed to extend the existing data to extremely old people. Temporal order judgment (TOJ) for auditory stimuli was tested across the life span of approx. 80 years, i.e. in young (mean age 22 years), elderly (66 years) and very old (101 years) subjects. Age-related deterioration of performance was observed, with slight changes in elderly subjects and significant deterioration in centenarians which was more distinct in women than in men. The results confirm age-related decrease in temporal resolution which may be explained by slowing of information processing or of a hypothetical internal-timing mechanism. These effects may be influenced by different strategies used in particular age groups.
Neuropsychological evidence has suggested that both intelligence and temporal resolution in information processing may be determined by similar neural mechanisms, related to internal timing mechanism. Personal tapping tempo (PTT) can be considered as a promising measure of such “internal clock” properties, as it refl ects spontaneous tempo in human motor activity. As the existing studies do not provide detailed description of temporal characteristics of PTT, conclusions on temporal control underling timing and intelligence are still not clear. The present study investigated in 55 highly intelligent and 50 average intelligent students dynamical properties of temporal control of repetitive fi nger movements in PTT. Nonlinear elements for reconstruction of dynamical properties of PTT were performed. We found fractal properties of tapping performance. Additionally, advanced mathematical analyzes showed grouping in frequencies of PTT, which constituted characteristic optima of subjects’ performance. In these optima intelligence-related differences were revealed. These fi ndings supported the notion that ’internal clock system’ in the brain could be fractal in its nature which has a different structure in highly and average intelligent individuals. The study was supported by Grant N N106 109636 from Ministry of National Education and Science.
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