Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 14

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a human neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of CAG repeats in the coding region of the ataxin-3 gene. We generated the first humanized SCA3 knock-in mouse model by introducing human cDNA for ataxin-3 with 91 CAG repeats into the mouse ataxin-3 locus. The resulting animals express human mutant ataxin-3 protein in multiple brain structures and non-neuronal tissues. Like in human patients, the humanized allele shows both somatic and intergenerational CAG instability. The intergenerational instability is significantly associated with the gender of parent. Offspring inherits expanded CAG repeats in paternal transmissions and contracted CAG repeats in maternal transmissions. Moreover, mice show early upregulation of Serpina3n gene expression in the brain as early as at 7 weeks of age. This upregulation is also present in astrocytes isolated from neonatal animals, which suggest that mutant ataxin-3 has a more direct influence on a Serpina3n expression. The knock-in animals also demonstrate histopathological hallmarks of SCA3, including the damage of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and the presence of intranuclear ataxin-3 inclusions.
Huntington disease (HD) is an incurable brain disorder caused by expansion of CAG repeats in a HTT gene resulting in toxic huntingtin with long polyglutamine tract. In HD, neurons die in cerebral cortex and striatum and therefore a treatment option is a cell therapy using cells generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from patients. We have established a model of such therapy comprising iPSCs lines from the adult dermal fibroblasts of YAC128 HD mouse model. The cells were reprogrammed using transposable and excisable piggyBac vector expressing OSKML transcription factors. These iPSC cells show pluripotency both in in vitro (Tuj-positive neurons and beating cardiomiocytes) and in vivo (teratoma formation) differentiation assays, thus being suitable for experimental cell therapy. In addition, our YAC128/iPSC show alterations of Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK signaling pathways probably resulting from expression of human mutant huntingtin. Thus, cells suitable for cell therapy would need silencing of the mutant huntingtin. Therefore we have generated a series of therapeutic constructs based on piggyBac transposon expressing anti-huntingtin siRNAs in sh-miR backbone. We show that the construct when integrated into iPSC genome efficiently silences mutant huntingtin expression. Our platform is a useful model for investigating cell therapy outcomes in the HD mouse model.
The Wnt/β-catenin was reported to promote both pluripotency maintenance and differentiation. Treatment with Wnt and Nodal antagonists-Dkk1 and Lefty-1 or Wnt antagonist-IWP2 in serumfree floating culture of embryoid body-like aggregates (SFEBq) promoted ES differentiation to neural lineages with high efficiency. Surprisingly treatment with Wnt pathway agonist-Wnt3a down-regulated stem cells surface markers (GCTM2, CD9) in hES cells and evoked morphology characteristic of differentiation. We used Wnt inhibitors (iCRT3 and IWP2) and Nodal inhibitor (SB431542) alone or in combination to investigate the differentiation of mouse ES cells to cortical progenitors. SFEBq aggregates were differentiated and analyzed for the expression of the markers of cortical progenitors. The expression of Pax6, Sox1 and Foxg1 in SFEBq without inhibitors peaked on day 7 of differentiation while IWP2 and iCRT/SB431542 aggregates exhibited a delayed expression of cortical markers with highest expression on day 11 of differentiation. Moreover, the addition of Wnt3a on day 7 to 11 increased cell proliferation and sustained the expression of cortical progenitors markers. Taken together we observed an influence of Wnt regulation on neuronal differentiation and on proliferation of cells at later stage of differentiation.
The PCR conditions have been optimized to make the process faster and more economical. When short DNA fragments are to be amplified, the time of denaturation, annealing and extension steps can be as short as 1 s each, and the yield of PCR product is still high, sufficient for many types of analysis. The PCR can be done even in a reaction volume as low as 1 jxl. The recommended volume, 2.5 jil or 5 jil, allows significant savings in the laboratory budget especially for laboratories which use PCR frequently and on a large scale.
Numerous human transcripts contain tandem repeats of trinucleotide motifs, the function of which remains unknown. In this study we used the available gene expression EST data to characterize the abundance of a large group of these transcripts in different tissues and determine the mRNAs which had the highest contribution to the observed levels of transcripts containing different types of the CNG repeats. A more extensive characteristics was performed for transcripts containing the CUG repeats, and those encoding the repeat-binding proteins. The scarcity of double-stranded CUG repeats as well as various proportions of the single-stranded and double-stranded CUG repeat-binding proteins were revealed in the studied transcriptomes. The observed correlated levels of transcripts containing single-stranded CUG repeats and of proteins binding single-stranded CUG repeats may imply that in addition to transcripts which only provide binding sites for these proteins there may be a substantial portion of the transcripts whose metabolism is directly regulated by such proteins. Our results showing a highly variable composition of triplet repeat-containing transcripts and their interacting proteins in different tissues may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of RNA-mediated pathogenesis in triplet repeat expansion diseases.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.