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1

Species-specific and shared features in vocal repertoires of three Eurasian ground squirrels (genus Spermophilus)

100%
Matrosova V. A., Schneiderova I., Volodin I. A., Volodina E. V.
Acta Theriologica
|
2012
|
tom 57
|
nr 1
Along to alarm calls, Eurasian ground squirrels of the genus Spermophilus also produce other call types toward potential predators and rival conspecifics. Individually identified 50 speckled (Spermophilus suslicus), 18 European (S. citellus) and 59 yellow (S. fulvus) ground squirrels were examined for interspecies differences in their vocal repertoires. A separate sample of 116 (90 adult and 26 juvenile) S. suslicus was examined for presence of ultrasound in their alarm calls. In addition, all tonal calls in all the three species were checked for presence of nonlinear phenomena. Calls were elicited by approaching animals in live-traps or near burrows; some types of vocalizations were also recorded during handling. Eight call types, three tonal and five wideband ones, were described. Vocal repertoires were remarkably similar between species, excluding the alarm calls, which were species-specific. Alarm calls with ultrasonic components were found in two individuals of S. suslicus. Concerning nonlinear phenomena, biphonation in alarm calls of S. suslicus, frequency jumps and sidebands in screams of S. citellus, frequency jumps and subharmonics in screams of S. fulvus were found. Results are discussed with literature evidence on audible and ultrasonic vocalizations in ground squirrels.
2

Individual and sexual differences in the calls of the monomorphic White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna viduata

100%
Volodin I. A., Volodina E. V., Klenova A. V., Filatova O. A.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2005
|
tom 40
|
nr 1
43-52
The White-faced Whistling Duck is a waterfowl species lacking any differences in ornamentation, coloration, size or behavior between the sexes. For distant communication, this species uses loud whistles. We analyzed 12 spectral parameters of 344 whistles from 23 captive adult ducks (14 males and 9 females). Discriminant analysis showed 94% correct assignment to an individual (N = 279 calls from 14 birds; 15-22 calls per bird). Separately for 8 males (162 calls) and for 6 females (117 calls), discriminant analysis showed 99% and 93% correct assignment to individuals respectively. Discriminant analysis for sex (N = 86; 3 calls from each of 14 males and 5 calls from each of 9 females) showed 100% correct assignment. Intersexual differences were governed by frequency parameters, the values of which were significantly higher in females than in males. Cluster analysis showed that differences between sexes were expressed significantly more strongly than the individual differences. The fact that the "acoustical keys" differed as regards the identification of individual birds or their sex may significantly enhance the reliability of acoustical recognition systems in the White-faced Whistling Duck. The data are discussed in the context of the biology of the Whitefaced Whistling Duck and significant intersexual differences in syringial and tracheal anatomy, which may be responsible for the sharp distinctions between the sexes in the calls of this species.
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