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The accumulation of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in the femora of four rodent species (Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus sylvaticus, Myodes glareolus, and Microtus arvalis) trapped at different polluted areas in Slovakia (Kolíňany and Nováky) was investigated in the present study. We detected the highest concentration of Pb in bones of A. sylvaticus from both polluted areas; however, no significant changes between species were observed. In the femora of M. glareolus, the highest concentrations of Cd, Ni, and Zn were detected at both areas. Significant differences were observed between A. flavicollis and M. glareolus, M. glareolus and M. arvalis (for Cd concentration); and between M. glareolus and remaining species (for Zn concentration). The highest concentration of Fe was found in bones of A. flavicollis and M. glareolus from Nováky and Kolíňany areas, respectively. Significant differences (for Ni, Fe, and Cu concentrations) were examined between A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus, A. flavicollis and M. arvalis. Although the highest concentration of Cu was found in bones of M. glareolus and A. flavicollis from Nováky and Kolíňany areas, respectively, no significant differences between species were observed. Our results demonstrate increased accumulation of some heavy metals (mainly Cd, Fe, Pb, and Zn) in the femora of small mammals from both polluted areas in Slovakia in comparison with other polluted biotopes in Europe and thus provide evidence of intensive environmental contamination. M. glareolus may be considered the most loaded zoomonitor with heavy metal contamination as compared to other species.
The present study investigated the acute effects of nickel (Ni) on macroscopic and microscopic structure of femoral bone tissue in rats. For this purpose, ten 5-month-old male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 15 mg NiCl2 per kg of body weight. Ten 5-month-old males without Ni supplementation served as a control group. Forty-eight hours after Ni administration, all animals were killed, and their femora were collected for macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. We found that intraperitoneal application of Ni had no significant effect on femoral weight and femoral length in rats. On the other hand, cortical bone thickness was significantly higher in rats administered Ni (P<0.05). Also, a decreased number of primary and secondary osteons was observed in the microstructure of these rats’ bones. Morphometrical measurements showed a significant increase in all variables (area, perimeter, maximum, and minimum diameter) of the primary osteons’ vascular canals, Haversian canals, and secondary osteons (P<0.05) in rats from the experimental group. Our results suggest that intraperitoneal injection of NiCl2 at the level used in this study had no impact on the macroscopic structure of femora of adult male rats; however, it significantly influenced the microscopic structure of their compact bone.
Acrylamide, a substituted unsaturated hydrocarbon, is often found in fried potatoes, flour, baby food, coffee, and olives. It is one of the most commonly consumed neurotoxins by humans. To date, its effect on bone structure has not been investigated in experimental animals. The aim of our manuscript was to analyze the impact of subacute exposure to acrylamide on the microscopic compact and trabecular bone tissue structures in laboratory mice. Adult male mice were divided into two groups. Animals from the experimental group (group E, n = 4) were treated perorally with two doses of acrylamide (1 mg/kg b.w.) during 24 hours. The group without administration of AA served as a control (group C, n = 4). Three hours after the second dose of AA (after 27 hours), mice were killed and their femurs were used for microscopic analysis. Our results demonstrate that subacute exposure to acrylamide causes an absence of the primary vascular radial bone tissue in pars posterior of the endosteal border. Mice from E group had more intact secondary osteons in pars medialis of the middle part of compact bone. Also, a few resorption lacunae were found in pars anterior of periosteal borders in these mice. Subacute exposure to AA significantly decreased the size of the primary osteon vascular canals (P<0.05) in compact bone tissue. In trabecular bone tissue, the values for bone volume, trabecular number, and bone surface were significantly increased in mice from the E group. In contrast, the value for trabecular separation was significantly decreased in these mice.
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