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1

Dawn swarming in tree-dwelling bats - an unexplored behaviour

100%
Nado L., Kanuch P.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2013
|
tom 15
|
nr 2
In colonial tree-dwelling bats, is vital to prevent disintegration of the group during frequent roost-switching. Thus some mechanisms which maintain group cohesion are expected. Dawn swarming is a set of behavioural displays observed in many such bats before they enter the roost. It is suggested that this behaviour plays a role in transferring information about the roost position. However this phenomenon had not been explored in detail. Based on qualitative and quantitative description of behaviour we suggest its potential function. Using field-based video-recordings of swarming sessions made on maternity colonies of Leisler's bat (Nyctalus leisleri), we constructed ethograms which revealed remarkably similar behavioural sequences among individuals. For more than two hours prior to sunrise, individual flybys in front of the roost entrance predominated, followed by landings and leaps, which preceded the final entering of the roost. Interestingly, no obvious peak of behavioural activity was found at any particular time during swarming but a wave-like pattern was observed. We suggest that individuals are swarming in close proximity to the roosting tree with some purpose, most probably serving as a beacon for other group members and thus marking the current location of the roost.
2

A rapid PCR-based test for species identification of two cryptic bats Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus and its application on museum and dropping samples

81%
Kanuch P., Hajkova P., Rehak Z., Bryja J.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2007
|
tom 09
|
nr 1
The identification of two cryptic bat species of the genus Pipistrellus using a non-destructive and quick method of multiplex PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis is described. Two primer combinations were able to produce species-specific bands that identified reliably individuals that were previously identified by mtDNA sequencing. Robustness of the method was subsequently successfully tested on 16 randomly selected free-living animals from central Europe (tissue samples obtained from a 3 mm punch of wing-membrane) identified to species on the basis of echolocation calls. Nine out of 15 museum specimens and 100% of fresh faecal samples from seven individuals were also successfully identified by this method. The described method thus provides a good way to routinely distinguish two Pipistrellus species by using non-destructive sampling of living individuals or droppings, and will be used in field studies of their ecology.
3

Phenology, diet, and ectoparasites of Leisler's bat (Nyctalus leisleri) in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia)

81%
Kanuch P., Kristin A., Kristofik J.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2005
|
tom 07
|
nr 2
In the Western Carpathians (central Slovakia), we recorded Nyctalus leisleri in six foraging habitats. The body condition of foraging females and young varied during the season (May to August). Parturition occurred about mid-June and the first flying young were captured in the first half of July. The ectoparasites were recorded in 56.5% of examined bats and comprised seven arthropod species of mites, fleas and flies; the most common were the mites Spinturnix helvetiae (55.4%) and Steatonyssus spinosus (31.3%). Pregnant females were the most infested. Ectoparasitic flies Nycteribia latreillii and Nycteribia (Acrocholidia) vexata were recorded for the first time in this species. Seven orders of insects were found in the faecal pellets examined. By frequency (F%) and volume (V%), the major food items comprised Lepidoptera (F = 100.0, V = 55.7) and Diptera (F = 91.5, V = 25.6). The four most abundant prey categories by volume varied significantly seasonally.
4

On distribution and ecology of the bush-cricket Polysarcus denticauda (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) in Slovakia

81%
Kristin A., Kanuch P., Fabriciusova V., Balla M.
Polish Journal of Entomology
|
2009
|
tom 78
|
nr 3
Polysarcus denticauda was found in 63 localities and 13% of all squares of the Slovak Fauna Databank, relatively regular throughout Slovakia. Before 2004, the occurrence was known from 28 squares and approximately from 35 localities. In 2004-2009, the authors recorded this species for the first time in 28 localities in 25 DFS mapping squares. Authors suggest that this increase in records is due to intensified mapping. The species was mainly registered in traditionally used mountain hay meadows (71% localities, n = 59), less in lowlands, but only in well-preserved traditional farming hay meadows (29% localities). More than 30% of all localities were situated higher than 1000 m a.s.l. In mountain localities, species was accompanied with Metrioptera brachyptera, Tettigonia cantans, Isophya camptoxypha, Miramella alpina, Pseudopodisma nagyi, Psophus stridulus, and in lowlands also with some rare, sometimes even hygrophilous species: Gampsocleis glabra, Tettigonia caudata, Ruspolia nitidula, Stethophyma grossum, Mecostethus parapleurus and Dociostaurus brevicollis.
5

Phenotypic plasticity in the greater mouse-eared bat in extremely different roost conditions

81%
Uhrin M., Kanuch P., Kristofik J., Paule L.
Acta Theriologica
|
2010
|
tom 55
|
nr 2
153-164
Bats use various roost types with a wide spectrum of ecological features. The greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797), creates nurseries in attics and caves in Central Europe. The stable low temperature and high humidity cave microclimate contrasts that of attics, which may alter species adaptations and life strategies. We analysed population characteristics (composition, body condition, parasite load, and immune response) and genetic relatedness of two proximal M. myotis populations. Age, sexual and parasite species composition were similar between the cave and attic sites. However, a significantly higher parasite load and body condition was detected in the post-partum females and juveniles of the cave colony (n = 263 bats from the cave, 231 from the attic), with the cave colony females having a significantly stronger immune response (n = 2 caves and 2 attics, 20 females per site). There was no evidence for genetic divergence between cave and attic populations (n = 3 caves and 3 attics, 24 females per site), indicating that different population characteristics are not genetically based and that M. myotis is an example of a species with rather unique phenotypic plasticity.
6

Did the Northern range of distribution of two tropical orthopterans [Insecta] change recently?

80%
Kristin A., Kanuch P., Sarossy M.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2007
|
tom 55
|
nr 2
7

Morphologically uniform bats Hipposideros aff. ruber (Hipposideridae) exhibit high mitochondrial genetic diversity in Southeastern Senegal

61%
Vallo P., Benda P., Martinkova N., Kanuch P., V. Kalko E. K., Koubek P., Cerveny J.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2011
|
tom 13
|
nr 1
Two mitochondrial lineages of bats that are morphologically attributed to Hipposideros ruber have been shown to occur sympatrically in southeastern Senegal. We studied genetic diversity in these bats in the Niokolo Koba National Park using sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to determine the taxonomie status of the two genetic forms, and included skull morphology for comparison. Detailed multidimensional analysis of skull measurements indicated slight morphological differences between the two genetic forms. Exploration of peak frequency of the constant-frequency echolocation signals in a local population of Hipposideros aff. ruber was not available for both groups. Phylogenetic comparison with other available West African representatives of H. aff. ruber revealed paraphyletic relationship of the two Senegalese forms, with the less abundant form from Senegal forming a monophyletic group with that from Benin. Based on genetic divergence and sympatric occurrence, the two forms from Senegal might represent cryptic species. However, absence of nuclear gene flow between them is yet to be investigated to demonstrate their reproductive isolation.
8

Mitochondrial DNA confirms low genetic variation of the greater mouse-eared bats, Myotis myotis, in Central Europe

61%
Bryja J., Uhrin M., Kanuch P., Bemova P., Martinkova N., Zukal J.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2010
|
tom 12
|
nr 1
Recent data shows that range expansion of the greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797) to Central Europe occurred mainly from the Iberian glacial refugium and in a lesser extent from South-eastern Europe. Here we present sequences of the mitochondrial control region obtained from 16 localities in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and NW Romania. From the 97 sequences, 87 were identical with the haplotype H1, the most frequent one of haplogroup A occurring throughout Western Europe, and nine sequences (eight haplotypes) differed from H1 only by one substitution. This confirms decrease of genetic variability from south to north and colonisation of Central Europe from the Iberian Peninsula. However, we found a new haplotype, which is closely related to sequences from haplogroup D so far described in the nominative form of this species only from Greece and Bulgaria, which suggests two possible scenarios. First, colonization route from the Balkan refugium existed in this species as well, which is supported also by recently published analyses of historical DNA. Second, the Balkan haplotype entered Central Europe via interspecific hybridisation with M. blythii, a species, in which the haplogroup D is the most frequent in Europe and which is known to have colonised Europe from south-east.
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