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Coloured sticky traps are one of the most important tools for monitoring greenhouse pests. They allow to determine the need or appropriate time of treatment applications against phytophagous, evaluate effectiveness of previous control actions and reduce their number. The study was carried out in a greenhouse of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin Botanical Garden from March 30, 2005 to March 30, 2007 and was aimed at determining the population dynamics of Ctenosciara hyalipennis (Meigen) as well as the efficacy of two types of sticky traps in monitoring the number of the pest. During the study a total number of 12 263 specimens of this species, had been caught. These insects were the most numerous on yellow traps (7 915 specimens). During the entire study period some significant differences were demonstrated between the daily number of C. hyalipennis in relation to the color of traps. In season I, the mean number of this species specimens caught during a day on a trap was 2.75 for yellow traps and 2.59 for blue traps. During the study season I (30.03.2005–28.03.2006), the maximum of abundance was recorded from the third decade of May to the second decade of June, 2005 and in the third decade of March, 2006. In the study season II (28.03.2006–30.03.2007), the median of this species was 2.52 specimens. In this case the highest abundance of C. hyalipennis was observed from the beginning of the season to the first decade of May, 2006. An average number of this species caught on blue traps during a day was 1.88 specimens. The study proved that coloured sticky traps may be a useful tool in monitoring the presence and density of sciarid flies in greenhouse production. Yellow traps appeared to be more effective in monitoring and catching adult specimens of C. hyalipennis as compared to blue traps. However according to the literature, yellow sticky traps capture more natural enemies than other colours. Blue sticky traps can be also used to monitor the C. hyalipennis population in greenhouses production where biological control program is applied.
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Background. Overweight and obesity are a problem negatively affecting human health. Besides the excess of energy from food, development of overweight can also result from food preferences, the frequency of meals and the speed of eating. Objective. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of eating habits and physical activity on the occurrence of overweight and obesity. Material and method. The questionnaire survey concerning eating habits and physical activity was conducted among adults aged 20-59 (n=420) in Lublin province (Poland). The subjects were divided into two groups – normal (BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2, n=250) and overweight and obese (BMI≥25 kg/m2, n=170). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey’s test as well as chi-square independence test were applied. In addition, the relative risk of overweight for groups divided according to their habits was determined. Results. The analysis of speed of eating was on the basis of subjective assessment of the subjects and as a relative speed of eating compared to family members and friends. In both methods of assessment, it has been shown that overweight and obesity facilitates fast food intake rate (p=0.0078 and p=0.0010, respectively) The relative risk of obesity and overweight increases almost twice (RR 1.79) when the number of meals consumed daily is between one and two compared to those having five meals a day. In addition, it has been shown that overweight facilitates low physical activity. Conclusions. Slowly consumed meals, high physical activity and having more than two meals a day promotes maintaining a normal body weight.
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