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Afforestation activity needs serious feasibility in as much as it is a work of establishing a new facility. Moreover, the process of selecting the land to be afforested; determining site conditions; selecting suitable tree species, provenance, and clones; the planting or sowing techniques; and planning of the environmental transport network are all costly. Determining suitable areas for environmental road network installation, which has an important place in afforestation areas, is discussed in this study. In this context, characteristics of an afforestated area have been evaluated by virtue of the fuzzy inference system (FIS) and modified analytical hierarchical analysis (M-AHP) methods on a sample area established as an afforestation area. The main objective of this study is planning in a way that is sensitive to nature and strives for ecological balance on environmental forest road networks for forested and afforested areas by utilizing multiple decision support methods with a view to realizing maintenance on afforestation areas in short- and long-term processes. A total of eight factors were determined in the study. The best twelve models, obtained as a result of analyses carried out with these factors, are presented. The success of the models was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the best model was obtained by M-AHP, which was Model 4M-AHP with 71.2% area under curve (AUC) value. We observed that the model obtained through the M-AHP method is more successful in on-site road network planning during the phase of creating the afforestation projects.
The aim of this work was to investigate the adsorption potential of Uludag fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana Mattf.) on cadmium removal using batch experiments. The effect of parameters such as initial metal concentration, initial pH, biosorbent dosage, stirring speed, contact time and temperature was examined. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms, and the biosorption process followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherms model with high coefficients of correlation at different temperatures. The kinetics of the sorption were analysed using the pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models. The pseudo second-order kinetic model fit well in correlation with the experimental results. Moreover, the evaluated thermodynamic parameters (ΔG⁰, ΔH⁰, ΔS⁰) showed that the sorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. This study showed that Uludag fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana Mattf.) can be used as an effective and ecologically friendly biosorbent for removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solutions.
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