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One of the possibilities for estimating pancreas activity is the estimation of zymogene granule content in pancreatic follicular cells. In the present study, the degree of pancreatic activity wasmeasured in piglets from sows receiving enzymatic stimulating complex throughout pregnancy and during the lactation period. The pancreas was collected for ultrastructural examination from 1-day-old and 21-day-old piglets. The enzyme preparation influenced the ultrastructural structure of the piglet pancreas, but the secretory cells in these animals did not confirm a more intensive course of creation and maturation processes. The accumulation of granules in extra-secretory pancreatic cells was observed, with a large volume of these granules and granular crinophagy observed in older piglets. The findings indicate a slow process of granule release, which may be the result of overproduction, lower requirements for enzymes contained in the granules, or both.
The increasing interest in enzymatic growth promoters prompted this investigation of the effect of an enzymatic stimulating complex on selected hematological and serum biochemical parameters in boars. The enzymatic complex [five proteases (proteinases-endopeptidases) and two peptidases (exopeptidases) obtained by fermentation from Streptomyces fradiae] was added to diets for three months, at initial doses of 90 (group El) and 120 (group E2) g/ton feed for the first seven days followed by 40 and 60 g/ton, respectively, in the subsequent weeks. The evaluation was based on selected hematological (RBC, WBC, HCT (Ht), HGB (Hb), MCV, MCH, and MCHC) and biochemical (AST, ALT, AP, Ca, Mg, urea, cholesterol, creatinine, inorganic phosphorus, and oxyglucose) parameters determined before and after the experimental period. The reported values were within physiological norms. Statistical differences were found between experimental groups with respect to WBC, HCT (Ht), MCV, MCH, AP, Ca, Mg, creatinine, and inorganic phosphorus. The study results indicate that the complex of proteolytic enzymes administered to boars caused no negative changes in their metabolic profiles. The statistically different hematological and serum biochemical parameters, while within normal limits, point to an early stage of microcytic anemia and heightened agitation that could be the result of intensified nitrogen metabolism.
The aim of the studies was to assess the Panstimase preparation consisting of three proteases from Streptomyces fradiae. It was administered in sows after weaning, during heat, covering, pregnancy and lactation. The experimental group (E) composed of 21 sows was given Panstimase 400 with feed at a dose of 125 g/ton of feed for the first 10 days and then 50 g/ton. The control group included 14 sows. Statistically significant differences were only found on the birthday of piglets in the level of inorganic phosphorus (by 0.2 nmol/1 higher in E group), calcium (by 0.29 nmol/1 lower in E group) and in alanine aminotransferase activity (up to 5.96 IU/1 higher in the control group). On the 28th day of piglets lives, a statistically high significant difference was only found in alanine aminotransferase activity (by 5.81 IU/1 higher in the control group). Statistically significant differences in feed indices were found in the weight of litter on their birthday (by 3.81 kg bigger in group E) and in the number of piglets that died (by 2.11 piglets less in group E). Statistically high significant difference on the 28th day of piglets life was found only in the weight of the litter (by 15.38 kg bigger in E group).
The aim of the studies was to establish on the basis of ultrastructural examinations whether the tested herbaceous preparation added to the feed of sows may influence pancreas activity (pars vesicularis) of suckling piglets. The tested preparation contained: Folium urtice, Fructus Silybi mariani and Exocarpium fagopyri. The preparation was added to feed once daily at a dose of 20 g/animal from the 90th day of pregnancy to the 28th day of lactation. Pancreas for ultrastructural examinations were collected immediately after slaughter from randomly selected 1 and 21 day-old-piglets. It was found that the examined preparation had a positive effect on sows and also on the pancreas ultrastructure of piglets. Active substances of the examined preparation acting both directly and in interaction with endogenous factors stimulated pancreatic secretion. In older piglets the preparation also intensified exocythose.
The aim of the study was to determine the etiological factors of an outbreak of cattle illness with symptoms nervous disorders. The disease appeared simultaneously in adult animals on three dairy farms between August and October. The majority of sick animals was after parturition and had high milk production. The diagnosis gene was found through clinical anatomopathology, histopathology and bacteriological examinations of the animals, as well as molecular, serological, virusological and chemical tests. L. monocytogenes was isolated from the brain tissue of the dead animals. Restriction analysis (PCR-RFLP) of the DNA fragment of the hly A gene from L. monocytogenes facilitated differentiation between the virulent and control strains. It was found that the copper and selenium levels in the cows' serum were reduced significantly. Additional examinations indicated the low content of these minerals in the forage.
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