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In this paper the effect of Mo6+, W6+, and Cu2+ ions on kinetics of denitrification and growth of Bacillus licheniformis is presented. The absence lack of Mo6+ and Cu2+ in the growth medium appeared to have no effect on the kinetics of the process. This fact suggests that these ions are not a part of the active centers of denitrification enzymes. Additionaly tungsten (VI) which is competitive to molybdenum (VI) does not inhibit denitrification in concentrations up to 0.1 g/dm3. Molibdenum (VI) starts to inhibit denitrification from 5.0 g/dm3 and copper (II) starting from 0.03 g/dm3.
The effect of heavy metal ions (both biogenic Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn1+ and abiogenic Hg2+, Pb2+, Cd2+) on the growth of Bacillus licheniformis bacteria, and the kinetics of denitrification were studied. Rate constants and induction times of denitrification taking place in the media containing metal ions at different concentrations were determined. The order of toxicity of the metals and their maximum tolerable concentrations were established. Of the metals tested, the most toxic proved to be Hg2+ ions while the least toxic were Mn2+. The presence of heavy metal ions leads either to inhibition of denitrification at the stage of toxic nitrites or to total inhibition of bacterial growth.
The kinetics of pyrite oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria were studied in different conditions of reaction (different size of pyrite sample relative to the leaching medium, medium pH and temperature). A model of the kinetics of the process has been proposed according to which it can be described by an autocatalytic reaction of order II, i.e. I order with respect to pyrite iron and I order with respect to the forming Fe(III) ions. On the basis of this model the rate constants and induction times of the reactions taking place in different conditions have been determined. The results obtained within the model enable us to show the optimum conditions of microbiological oxidation of pyrite.
The ferrous sulphate, which is a waste product in titanium white production at the Chemical Plant "Police" S.A., was subjected to microbiological oxidation with Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria. The kinetic parameters of the culture growth were calculated on the basis of the Monod equation. The process was found to be best described by the model of the autocatalytic 1st order reaction with respect to the product and 1st order reaction with respect to the substrate. The effect of temperature and pH on the course of the process was studied. The kinetics of oxidation of ferrous ions coming from the waste ferrous sulphate was studied in the process with laboratory bacteria strain as well as the strain adapted to the waste product and compared with that of pure substrate oxidation. Analysis of the precipitates formed during microbiological oxidation of the waste ferrous sulphate proved that (NH4)Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6 with the admixture of NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 and KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 are formed.
The use of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria in the process of copper and iron leaching from chalcopyrite coming from Kotlina Klodzka was investigated. The influence of the mineral content in the leaching solution the pH value and refinement of chalcopyrite on the subsequent stages of leaching was established. The process was described by the 1st order reaction inhibited by one of the products (Cu2+). Assuming this model, the kinetic parameters of leaching were determined.
The influence of phosphogypsum (a waste product of phosphoric acid production), on the activity of Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria in a lactate medium was tested. In order to establish the optimum conditions of the reduction of sulphates present in the phosphogypsum, the influence of the concentrations of phosphogypsum, organic substrate and inoculum in the medium on the degree of conversion was studied. It has been shown that phosphogypsum present in the medium at a concentration of up to 20 g/dm3 is not toxic towards the bacteria and can be used as a source of assimilative sulphates. In the optimum conditions of the process (the concentrations of phosphogypsum 10g/dm3, lactate 20.32 g/dm3, inoculum 4%v/v) the conversion of sulphates to sulphides after 7 days reaches over 92%.
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