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The effect of a housing system on production results and slaughter analysis of slow-growing chickens. The study covered 720 Cobb x Zielononóżka kuropatwiana (Cobb x Zk) chickens reared until the 63rd day of life. On the day of introduction to a hen house, the chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups: a control group (reared indoors – ID, 360 birds) and an experimental group (reared with outdoor access – OD, 360 birds), with 5 replications in each group (72 birds). The differentiating factor in the study was the possibility of using grassy free ranges up to the 28th day of life in the OD group. Individual body weight, feed intake and mortality rate were monitored throughout the production period. On day 63, 20 birds were selected at random from each group for slaughter (10 cocks and 10 hens, 2 from each replication). The selected birds had body weights similar to the average body weight for a given sex in a group. In total, 40 carcasses were dissected. The study demonstrated a significant (P≤0.05) effect of the access to a free range on the final body weight of hens. The housing system affected also the mortality rate of Cobb x Zk chickens. The birds having the access to the free range were characterized by a significantly (P≤0.01) lower mortality rate (0.55%) compared to the control birds (1.11%). In addition, the study showed a significantly (P≤0.01) lower carcass weight of cocks from the experimental group (OD, 1491g) compared to cocks from the control group (ID, 1530g) and a significantly lower weight of breast muscles (317g and 338g, respectively). A similar tendency was observed in the case of hens, namely a lower carcass weight, breast muscle weight and fat weight in the group having access to grassy free ranges.The housing system had a significant effect of growth of the body weight of hens having the possibility of using grassy free ranges. The Cobb x Zk chickens characterized by high dressing percentage, similar contents of breast muscles and leg muscles as well as good health status, may be used as material for the rearing free range.
The experiment was carried out on 936 slow-growing chickens from the crossbreed of Cobb cock with Greenleg Partridge hen. Chicks were randomly divided into two groups: controlled group (BW) with no access to the field and experimental group (W) with access to grass fields since their fourth week of life. In blood serum overall cholesterol, lipoproteins with high density (HDL), triacylglycerols (TG) level was marked. The concentration of lipoproteins with low density was calculated while using the Friedewald et al. formula (1972). No statistically significant influence of sex and system of breeding on cholesterol and its fractions level in blood serum of crossbreed chickens was observed.
Effect of copper nanoparticles and copper sulfate administered in ovo on copper content in breast muscle, liver and spleen of broiler chickens. The initial experimental material included 300 hatching eggs of Hubbard Flex chickens. The eggs were divided into three groups: control, NanoCu and CuSO4. Eggs from groups NanoCu and CuSO4 were subjected to in ovo injection to the air cell of egg. Experimental solutions were administered by in ovo injection using a sterile needle and a 0.3 mL syringe as follows: NanoCu – colloid of copper nanoparticles, concentration 50 ppm; and CuSO4 – colloid of copper sulfate, concentration 50 ppm. The eggs were incubated under standard conditions. After hatching, 50 chicks were selected from each group for 42-day rearing. The birds were fed standard feed concentrates for broilers. In that last day of rearing (42 day), 12 females and 12 males were selected from each group. The right part of their breast muscle, their liver and spleen were collected for copper content determinations. Results of this experiment confirm previous scientific reports which demonstrate that the greatest accumulation of copper is observed in soft organs like liver or spleen.
The study was conducted on 640 chickens randomly divided into two groups, each having four replications (4 control and 4 experimental - L-carnitine) with 80 chickens per pen. Chickens in the control (C) and experimental groups (E) received a feed of the same nutritional value, and chickens from the experimental group were supplemented with Aminocarnifarm (43.68% of L-carnitine) in drinking water (62.5 g per 100 l) during three periods: from 1 to 7, 21 to 28, and 36 to 42 days of age. The study evaluated the effect of L-carnitine supplemented to chickens on production results and results of slaughter analysis. It was found that Aminocarnifarm supplemented to drinking water improved feed conversion during the whole rearing period, reduced mortality, and contributed to increases in average body weight, dressing percentage and proportion of leg muscles (males), reduced the proportion of breast muscles (males and females), and decreased carcass fatness (males).
The experiment was conducted on 930 slow-growing chickens from the crossing of a Cobb male and Greenleg Partridge female. The chicks were randomly assigned to two groups: control (BW) which did not have access to a free run and the experimental group (W) using the grassy runs from 4 weeks of age. The experiment showed a statistical effect of sex on breast (P < 0.01) and leg (P < 0.05) muscle fiber diameter in CobbxZk hybrid roosters. There were no significant gender-dependent differences in the surface area of the muscles tested. No effect was either reported of the rearing system on the histological picture of breast and leg muscles.
The experimental material included grey partridges Perdix perdix planned for re-introduction into the natural habitat, reared at the Center of Game Breeding on the area of Mazovia Province. 10 hens and 10 roosters were selected for slaughter. After exsanguination, plucking and evisceration, the birds were cooled for 24 h to a temperature of 4°C. The carcasses were subjected to dissection to enable determination of dressing percentage and calculation in the carcass contents of: breast muscles, leg muscles, adipose fat and giblets. The study showed no effect of sex on results of slaughter analysis of grey partridge.
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